Class notes
Cardiovascular System 5: Tissue Blood Flow
- Course
- Institution
A detailed summary of the local and global control of tissue blood flow.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
harrykane
Reviews received
Content preview
TISSUE BLOOD FLOWArterioles set vascular resistance via vasoconstriction/vasodilation.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Have gap junctions in between and act as a functional syncytium (if you get a signal
from nerve, a multiple fibres will act in sync).
Smooth muscle contraction – Ca2+ binds to calmodulin and activates myosin light
chain kinase. This causes the myosin light chain to be phosphorylated.
Phosphorylation allows cross bridge formation to occur for contraction to take
place. (Energy efficient).
Control of Blood Vessels: LOCAL or GLOBAL control.
GLOBAL CONTROL
1. Sympathetic Nervous System
With Noradrenaline acting on alpha-1 adrenoreceptors.
Sympathetic stimulation increases vasomotor tone causing vasoconstriction.
Vasoconstriction can either increase Total Peripheral Resistance which
increases afterload or can increase Central Venous Pressure which increases
preload.
2. Hormones
Hormones causing vasoconstriction (Adrenaline on alpha-1, angiotensinogen
II and Vasopressin).
Hormones causing vasodilation (Adrenaline on Beta-2, oestrogen and atrial
natriuretic peptide).
Noradrenaline and Adrenaline both increase chronotropy and inotropy. NA only acts on
alpha-1 adrenoreceptor and causes vasoconstriction.
Whereas, Adrenaline gives a mixed effect of vasoconstriction at alpha-1 adrenoreceptor
(increased heart rate) and vasodilation at Beta-2 adrenoreceptor (increase oxygen supply).
Use Adrenaline in Local Anaesthetics – causes vasoconstriction to reduce bleeding and also
helps to retain the anaesthetic in the region where it has been inserted; therefore,
increasing anaesthetic efficacy.
Vasopressin – also known as anti-diuretic hormone, initiated in response to low blood
volume, prevents you from urinating to increase fluid. Vasopressin is released from posterior
pituitary to cause vasoconstriction; however, fortunately it doesn’t vasoconstrict cerebral or
coronary vessels.
RAAS System – Stimulus for Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System is low blood volume;
therefore, renin release activates angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted into Angiotensin II
which can cause aldosterone release to increase water retention and increase preload.
LOCAL CONTROL
1. Autocoids
Chemicals produced locally and act locally regulating blood flow.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller harrykane. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.90. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now