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Cardiovascular System 14: Drug Therapy for Hypertension
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A detailed summary of the the drugs used for hypertension.
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By: davidhawkin1 • 8 year ago
Good for revision but more detail might be useful.
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DRUG THERAPY FOR HYPERTENSIONTHIAZIDES
Block Na+/Cl- symporterin distal collecting duct of nephron; therefore, lose sodium
ions and as a result water follows as well.
Reduces blood volume.
Also acts a vasodilator agent – reducing filling pressure.
Side effect – Electrolyte disturbance.
Example: Hydrochlorothiazide or Bendroflumethazide.
Ca2+ Channel Blockers
For peripheral effect as they reduce the Total Peripheral Resistance.
Examples: Nifedipine, Amlodipine (Dihydropyridines).
Side effect = peripheral oedema.
Also have veramipil – reduces action of L type calcium channels but isn’t a
dihydropyridine.
ACE Inhibitors
Long term control of BP on RAAS system.
First initial effect: anti-angiotensin II.
Second (slower): alters blood volume.
Example: Enalapril
Side effects: Hyperkalemia (not secreting as much K+ as you want to lose sodium).
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
Example: Losartan
Antagonist of Angiotensin II.
Block receptor to limit blood volume expansion.
Advantage of Losartan is that it blocks the specific receptor rather than the whole
RAAS system like Enalapril.
Side effect: Hyperkalemia.
Alpha – Adrenoreceptor Blocker
Beta-2 dilator but vasoconstricts alpha-1; therefore, blocks receptor.
Prazosin and Doxazosin inhibit alpha-1 by antagonizing NA.
K+ Channel Activators
Minoxidil and Pinacidil
Increase permeability to potassium; therefore, hyperpolarising the cell.
Hyperpolarisation causes L type voltage gated calcium channels to be inhibited.
Reducing Calcium levels and causing smooth muscle relaxation to reduce BP.
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