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Samenvatting les 2 biologie
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Dit is een samenvatting van de 2de les biologie
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BIOLOGIE – NEURO-ANATOMIE, -FYSIOLOGIE EN –PATHOLOGIE
CELLEN VAN HET ZENUWSTELSEL
3.2 INFORMATIEGELEIDING & -OVERDRACHT
Informatie geleiding binnen een neuron
- communicatie neuronen = elektrisch proces
- communicatie via ACTIEPOTENTIALEN
- elektro-encefalografie (EEG)
• slaap-waaktoestand
• ≠ stadia slaap
• ERP (event-related potential)
• Rustpotentiaal
- rusttoestand cel = actieve evenwichtstoestand
- celmembraan !!!
- in rusttoestand:
meer natriumionen tov chloride ionen buiten de cel (= Cl- )
(= Na > Cl- )
+
minder kaliumionen de cel tov andere negatieve ionen binnen de cel
(= K+ < negatieve ionen)
negatieve lading binnen cel (= optelsom van alle positieve en negatieve
geladen ionen binnen de cel) positieve lading buiten cel (= optelsom
van negatieve en positieve ladingen buiten de cel)
potentiaalverschil = RUSTPOTENTIAAL (-70 mV)
1
,• Depolarisatie
2
, Indien over drempelwaarde van – 50 mV door plaatselijke instroom thv. axonheuvel
Natriumpoorten openen natrium-instroom
Stijging van membraanpotentiaal tot + 30mV
ACTIEPOTENTIAAL
• Repolarisatie
Terugkeren van actiepotentiaal naar rustpotentiaal
• Refractaire periode
De korte periode na het afvuren van de actiepotentiaal door het neuron tot na de
hyperpolarisatie, waarin het neuron niet opnieuw kan geprikkeld worden.
• Saltorische of sprongsgewijze geleiding tgo. continue geleiding
saltatorisch: 2 tot 120 m/s
continu: 0,2 tot 2 m/s
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