CPH Exam Questions And Answers 100% Correct

CPH Exam Questions And Answers 100% Correct Describe the McKinsey 7s Framework Pg 83 - Places shared values in the center, and then interconnects three hard elements (strategy, structure, and systems) with three soft elements (skill, style, and staff) to create a model of leadership for a group or community. Describe the Astin Social Change Model for Leadership Top of 84 -- Identifies 7 critical values all of which begin with C: consciousness of self, congruence, commitment, collaboration, common purpose, controversy with civility, and citizenship. All are interconnected around the 8th C "change." ASPH definition of leadership (2009) 84 - The ability to create and communicate a shared vision for a positive future; inspire trust and motivate others; and use evidence-based strategies to enhance essential public health services. What are the three core functions of public health? 85 - assessment, policy development, and assurance. What are the 10 essential public health services? 1. Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems. 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. 3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. 4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems. 5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. 6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. 7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. 8. Assure competent public and personal health care workforce. 9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. 10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. What are the three levels of PH leadership? 88 - 1. The field of PH -- what we do collectively; have a collective responsibility to be leaders. 2. As individuals -- emerge as advocates from the community, agencies, etc. 3. Designated leadership positions -- use positions of power How is management different from leadership? 89 -- "leaders do the right thing; managers do things right." Management more internally focused, leadership more external, creative, adaptable. If one person is asked to do both, one usually suffers (usually leadership) What are the leadership tasks associated with assessment? 91 - 92 - assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats - engage in dialogue with outside stakeholders - high quality evaluation - promote accountability - make evidence-based decisions using qual/quant data - embrace performance standards - constant QI What are some of the leadership tasks associated with management? 92 - 93 - allocation of resources - create strategic plans harnessed to mission and vision - keeps the values of the organization - commit to capacity building in sectors relevant to the ph work of an agency, such as continuing professional development. - manage the policy-making process What are some of the leadership tasks associated with managing change? 93-94 - managing conflict - negotiating - easing difficulty with change adjustments Describe the human response to change cycle. 93 -- [Concern for the past; potential losses] (Cognitive) 1. Shock 2. Denial (Emotional) 3. Anger 4. Blame 5. Bargain 6. Apathy [Concern for the future; potential gains] 7. Acceptance 8. Explore (Emo/Cog) 9. Understand (Cognitive) 10. Integrate 11. Sustain Define "Health" according to WHO. a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Define public health according to the IOM (1988) what we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy Who was John Graunt? He created the "the bills of mortality" became the first major contribution to record keeping on a population; beginning of vital statistics. 1661 Who was Edward Jenner? He was a surgeon who observed cowpox could provide immunity for smallpox. Who was Sir Edmund Chadwick? 1842 - linked the environment to what was happening in health. Wrote The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population in London What significant PH even happened in the US in 1798? The creation of the US Marine Hospital Service to quarantine ships and stop spreading disease What significant PH event happened in the US in 1799? The first PH departments were formed in port cities What significant PH health even happened in the US in 1912? The US Public Health Service was formed. What was significant about the 1974 Lalonde Report, "A new perspective on the health of Canadians"? The first time a nation said that they are interested in chronic disease and want to focus on health promotion and disease prevention. PH shift away from infectious disease. What was significant about the 1979 "Healthy People" report from the US surgeon general? Response to the Lalonde report, laying out the notion that the US would also shift its focus to the causes of chronic disease and prevention. The responsibility of PH rests at what level of government and why? The state, because the 10th amendment says that powers not delegated to the federal gov't are reserved to the states. This is different from most other nations. What is the federal gov't responsibility to PH? (3 answers) 1. Provides 50% of funding 2. Responds to situations that cross state lines 3. Sets broad national guidelines What are the Healthy People 2020 overarching goals? 1. Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease 2. Achieve health equity 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, healthy behaviors across life stages What were the early functions of PH? Sanitation Nuisance control Vital records Quarantine/control of infectious diseases Maternal and child health What are the 4 functions of PH defined by the APHA in 1968 that must be done by all state health departments? 1. Health surveillance, planning, and program development 2. Promotion of local health coverage 3. Setting and enforcement of standards 4. Providing health services What are 6 common state health functions? Vaccinations Tobacco prevention and control Food safety Emergency preparedness and response Health promotion HIV/AIDS and STIs What are 6 social determinants of health? 1. economic stability 2. neighborhood and physical environment 3. education 4. food 5. community and social context 6. health care system What are the 6 core health outcomes? 1. Mortality 2. Morbidity 3. Life expectancy 4. Health care expenditures 5. Health status 6. Functional limitations Describe the UN sustainable development concept. Millenium goals integrating social determinants of health, education, climate change, emphasizing the link between health and development. A SWOT or SPOT assessment can be used to... Identify priorities for funding What is the situational approach to leadership? Argues that there is not single correct theory of leadership, but that leadership must be relevant to the situation. What are the three categories of management according to Mintzenberg? Informational, Interpersonal, and Decisional What are the three management roles in the "interpersonal" category? Inspirational leadership, ceremonial figurehead, and networking liaison What are the three management roles in the "informational" category? Monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson. What are the three management roles in the "decisional" category? Entrepreneur, resource allocator, and negotiator. Katz posits that leaders need what three skills? Technical, human, and conceptual. Organizational structure The formal framework for dividing and coordinating efforts within an organization. Satisficing Choosing an option that is acceptable, although not necessarily the best or perfect. Maximizing (type of decision making) The very best decision made to protect everyone, especially the most vulnerable. Combinatorial decision-making Having a clearly defined outcome and taking a narrow, prescribed path to obtain it, eschewing alternatives. positional decision making Considering options as they arise and constantly re-assessing; more flexible than combinatorial. Chain of command the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level What are the four main elements of Diffusion of Innovations theory? The innovation, communication channels, over time, among members of a social system. What are the five steps of diffusion of innovations? Knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation The mobilization of health care information electronically across public health systems is called Health information exchange Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO) an organization that manages the local deployment of systems promoting and facilitating the exchange of healthcare data within a national health information network What are the characteristics of a good performance measure according to the IOM? Measurability, reliability, feasibility, accuracy What are the four principles of effective team building? Defining criteria for goals and success, dividing labor, leading by example, providing clear guidance and constructive feedback. The first step to building agency capacity is Assessing the assets you have and the state of your capacity currently Classical Organizational Theory An early approach to the study of management that focused on the most efficient way of structuring organizations and how to maximize worker productivity. Mechanical view of human beings. Assumed rationality. Neoclassical and social systems organization theory. People are viewed as a whole person. Ppl do not come in as only workers. Bring in their entire selves. Assumptions include limited rationality or nonrationality. Interested in interpersonal relationships, pointing out that informal relationships that are very important. Mintzberg's types of organization i. Simple org: flat, fast, flexible, lean ii. Machine: bureaucracy, standard, formalized, tall structure. Hard to get info down and up iii. Professional org: bureaucratic but relies on highly trained professionals more democratic. Practice still governed by rules and set procedures. iv. Divisional organization: different product lines and business units; central team focuses on strategy while land managers focus on products. v. Innovative orgs: adhocracy. Project based central pool of talent, work is highly flexible, people move from team to team. Common in IT. Organizational economics OR economic systems theory People are self-interested actors. Transactions occurring within an org. Assumed opportunism, rationality. Minimizing costs and maximizing profits, coordinating activities, transaction, information asymmetries, contractual relationships. "It's about the money." The decision to make or buy. Four types of roles in an organization i. Tasks (task leader, info gatherer, devil's advocate, energizer) ii. Socio-emotional (encourager, tension releaser, compromiser) iii. Procedural (facilitator, gate-keeper, recorder) iv. Individual (focused on personal goals) What are some ways to avoid group think? - Opportunities for anonymous feedback - Avoid insulation - People charged with being critical evaluators - Open climate - Avoid being too directive Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership A transactional leader—leader gives the worker something they want and in exchange the worker obeys the leader. Transformational leader: it's about more than a transaction. The transformational leader wants to transform workers into leaders themselves. They inspire their followers. Behavioral Leadership We can train people to be leaders. Concern for people (as opposed to production) predicts leadership. Assumes that there is still only one best way to be a leader no matter what type of leader you have. Trait Theory of Leadership Trying to figure out and predict good leaders. Would be helpful if this actually worked, but it is very difficult to distinguish between leaders and followers. Also culturally dependent, eg. individualist and collectivist cultures. contingency theory of leadership No single best way to be a leader. It depends on a variety of factors. What is good leadership in "that" context. Con: takes longer to do this type of analysis. Relational leadership not focusing on the individual leadership. What does it mean to be an authentic leader? Leading with emotional intelligence. Relational process, built on understanding others and being aware of them and aware of yourself Matrix of domination i. Structural domain: institutional structures and policies that organize and regulate power. Work pipeline. ii. Disciplinary domains: the use of norms, rules, regulations and surveillance to uphold social hierarchy or challenge it. iii. Cultural domains: the construction and spread of ideology, ideas, images, representations, etc. Look for justifications that are rooted in ideology. iv. Interpersonal domain: experience that individuals have with intersecting oppressions. Biased behaviors and microaggressions. Expectancy theory the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance (expectancy), that good performance will be rewarded (instrumentality), and that they will be offered attractive rewards (valence) Hertzberg's Two-Factor Theory Motivator factor: the factors that lead to satisfaction and the things that make employees work harder; examples like enjoying work and career progression Hygiene factor: the factors that can lead to dissatisfaction and a lack of motivation if they are absent; like salary, benefits, company policies, etc. Malevolent vs non-malevolent hostility Non-malevolent: worsens the position of others only done to improve the preferred position (e.g., Not considering new information coming in; sticking to position) Malevolent: designed to actually hurt others Hostile conflict results in: i. Psychological withdrawal: alienation, apathy, and indifference ii. Physical withdrawal: absence, tardiness, and turnover Five Conflict Management Styles avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, collaboration