Samenvatting hoorcolleges + boek + artikel Motivatie en de zelfsturende mens (MZM) () UU
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Course
Motivatie en de zelfsturende mens (202100007)
Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Book
Understanding Motivation and Emotion
In deze samenvatting staan alle aantekeningen van de hoorcolleges, de bijbehorende literatuur uit het boek: Understanding Motivation and Emotion (Reeve, 2018), het artikel: Parenting and the Facilitation of Autonomy and Well-Being in Development (Ryan, Deci, 2017) en een samenvatting van alle belan...
1. Waarom doen mensen voortdurend dingen waarvan ze weten dat het niet
goed voor hen is?
2. Hoe krijg je mensen zo ver dat hun gedrag duurzaamheid bevordert, of
anderszins pro sociaal is?
3. Wat belemmert mensen om hun volledige ontwikkelingspotentieel optimaal te
verwezenlijken?
→ Multidisciplinaire aanpak: het naast elkaar leggen van meerdere
(sub) disciplinaire benaderingen; Methode van Repko.
Methode van Repko =
Disciplinair onderzoek =
- Discipline = specifieke tak van leren of kennis (natuurwetenschappen,
geesteswetenschappen etc.) met elk eigen thema’s, theorieën en
werkwijzen.
- Inzichten = wetenschappelijke bijdragen aan het oplossen van een
probleem.
- Sub disciplines = minder geschikt om brede integrale oplossingen te
bieden bij complexe problemen (= disciplinary inadequacy).
o Oplossing = inzicht meerdere disciplines combineren.
Multidisciplinair onderzoek =
- Iedere discipline levert eigen bijdrage aan vraagstuk.
- Inzichten worden naast elkaar geplaatst → wat is de gemeenschappelijke
deler en hoe kunnen deze inzichten elkaar versterken?
,Disciplinair = 1 inzicht.
Multidisciplinair = meerdere inzichten naast elkaar. Het brengt inzichten van twee
of meer disciplines bij elkaar.
Interdisciplinair = combinatie en intergratie van verschillende invloeden, maar elke
invloed is nog wel steeds zichtbaar = door de combinatie kunnen nieuwe ‘smaken’
worden gecreeërd.
- A process of answering a question, solving a problem, or addressing a
topic that is too broad or complex to be dealt with adequately by a single
discipline, and draws on the disciplines qith the goal of integrating their
insights to construct a more comprehensive understanding.
,Assumpties interdisciplinair onderzoek =
- Complexe realiteit → noodzaak interdisciplinariteit.
- Disciplines zijn fundamenteel voor interdisciplinariteit.
- Bias overbruggen (sceptisch tegenover andere disciplines).
Theorieën =
- Interdisciplinaire complexiteitstheorie (een probleem/vraag is veelzijdig en
functioneert als een systeem).
- Perspectief nemen → bias/stereotypering.
- Common ground → integratie, anders interpreteren van bestaande
disciplines.
Integratie = creëren van common ground tussen inzichten om een ruimer inzicht te
construeren. Het integreert disciplinaire inzichten met als doel om een uitgebreider
begrip te ontwikkelen.
- Common ground = de gedeelde basis tussen conflicterende disciplinaire
inzichten of theorieën die integratie mogelijk maken.
Nut en noodzaak voor psychologen =
- Complexe problemen = geïntegreerde inzichten vanuit meerdere
invalshoeken.
- De mens en de omgevingscontext → psychologie is overal.
Thirteen different motivational reasons to exercise:
Why exercise? Motivation Illustration
Fun, enjoyment Intrinsic Children exercise spontaneously – for
motivation the sheer fun of it.
Personal Flow Athletes get ‘in the zone’ when their
challenge sport optimally challenges their skills.
Forced to do so External regulation Athletes exercise because their coach
tells them to do so.
Accomplish a Goal Runners strive to run a mile in six
goal minutes or less.
Health benefits Value People exercise to lose weight or
strengthen the heart.
Inspiration Possible self People watch others exercise and
become inspired to do the same.
Pursuit of a Achievement Snow skiers race to the bottom of the
standard strivings mountain trying to beat their previous
best time.
Satisfaction from Competence As exercisers make progress, they feel
a job well done more competent, more effective.
An emotional kick Opponent process Vigorous jogging can produce a
runner’s high.
Good mood Positive affect Exercising can induce a good mood.
Alleviate guilt Introjection People exercise because they think that
is what they should or ought to do to
please others or to relieve their own
sense of guilt.
Relieve stress, Personal control When exercising contributes in relieving
depression stress.
Hang out with Relatedness Exercise is often a social event, a time
friends to enjoy hanging out with friends.
The study of motivation revolves around two fundamental questions =
1. What causes behavior?
- Why do people do what they do? → self-esteem, praise, incentives and
rewards.
2. Why does behavior vary in its intensity?
- Among different people, motivation varies.
The study of motivation concerns those internal processes that give behavior its
energy, direction and persistence.
- Energy = implies that behavior has strength – that it is relatively strong,
intense and hardy or resilient.
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