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IB Sports Exercise Health Science Summary. Unit 4.1: neuromuscular function $4.13
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IB Sports Exercise Health Science Summary. Unit 4.1: neuromuscular function

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  • Course
  • Sports, exercise and health science
  • Institution
  • Bachillerato

Summary of the IB SEHS Unit 4.1 (neuromuscular function). You will find detailed yet summarized information on the topic, organized according to the IB syllabus (contains all necessary information to achieve a 7).

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Document information

  • February 2, 2023
  • 5
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • dp sehs
  • sehs
  • ib dp sehs sl
  • seh
  • ib dp seh
  • ib dp sehs
  • sl sehs
  • ib sports science
  • ib sports
  • sl sports science
  • dp sports
  • dp sports science
  • sports
  • ib
  • international baccalaureate
  • exercise and health science

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  • Secondary school
  • Bachillerato
  • Sports, exercise and health science
  • 6
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4.1: Neuromuscular function

Label a diagram of a motor unit
[ Motor unit = muscle + motor neuron ]
Afferent neurons: information from the receptors (sensors) to the CNS
Efferent neurons: motor neurons that carry informations from the CNS to the muscle
Interneurons: connect afferent and efferent neurons. Inhibitory/excitatory effect



Number of muscle fibers per motor neuron:

Small: great precision but small force

Large: large forces




Diagram of motor unit




Cell body: where organelles are located. most of the cytoplasm is located there and the nucleus is also
there (contains genetic information)

Dendrites: link neurons to other neurons and transmits info to the cell body
Axon: cylindrical elongated fiber that carries the nerve impulse. can be 20cm long.

Myelin sheath: covers the axon and increases nerve impulse

Motor end plate: joint between neuron and muscle/other neurons.
Synapse: small junction across where a nerve impulse passes from one cell to another (they don’t touch
eachother)




4.1: Neuromuscular function 1

, Muscle structure and sacromere
[ skeletal muscle - fascicle - muscle fiber - myofibril ]

Skeletal muscles are formed by a group of muscle cells (muscle fiber) that are packed into bundles
(fascicle). Muscle fibers are formed by overlapping proteins (actin and myosin) in a structure called
myofibril.
Basic structure of myofibril: sacromere

Thin filament: actin

Thick filament: myosin


Actin attaches to the Z-line at one end and
myosin is in the middle.




sacromere



H-zone: region of myosin only (lightest one)
Z-line: perpendicular stripe of t-tubules where
actin attaches

*sacromere is what whe find between two Z-
lines
A-band: total lenght of myosin
I-band: region of actin only
M-line: perpendicular line of proteins in the middle




During muscle contraction

actin filaments run along myosin filaments towards M-line and shortens muscle fiber




4.1: Neuromuscular function 2

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