Davies ARDMS Vascular Review 2023 (Graded A)

The first major arterial branch of the aorta is the: - ANSWER-Innominate artery Which of the following arteries does NOT arise from the subclavian artery? a. Vertebral b. Superior thyroid c. Internal thoracic d. Thyrocervical trunk (axis) e. Internal mammary - ANSWER-b. Superior thyroid The angular artery is the terminal part of the: - ANSWER-Facial artery The arterial pulsations felt in front of the ear and just above the zygomatic arch are from which artery? - ANSWER-Superficial temporal The common carotid artery divides into its external and internal branches usually at the level of the upper border of the: - ANSWER-Thyroid cartilage What artery is usually the first branch of the external carotid artery? - ANSWER-Superior thyroid artery Which of the following is not an artery in the Circle of Willis? - ANSWER-Middle communicating artery Which of the following arteries arise from the external carotid artery? a. Superior thyroid artery b. Lingual artery c. Facial artery d. Ascending pharyngeal artery e. All of the above - ANSWER-e. All of the above The prominence of the larynx is formed by the: - ANSWER-Thyroid cartilage The vertebral artery usually arises from the: - ANSWER-Subclavian artery The infraorbital artery is a terminal branch of the: - ANSWER-Maxillary artery The vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian arteries to unite and form the: - ANSWER-Basilar artery The first intracranial branch of the internal carotid artery: - ANSWER-Ophthalmic artery The vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian arteries to unite and form the: - ANSWER-Basilar artery The first intracranial branch of the internal carotid artery is the: - ANSWER-Ophthalmic artery The circle of Willis receives its blood supply from which combination of arteries? - ANSWER-Carotid and vertebral arteries The 3 terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery are the: - ANSWER-Nasal, frontal and supraorbital arteries 2 of the major branches of the external carotid arteries include the: - ANSWER-Superficial temporal and facial arteries Intracranial collateral pathways of clinical significance include all of the following except: a. Anterior communicating artery b. Posterior communicating artery c. Superficial temporal arteries d. Leptomeningeal pathways e. Rete mirable - ANSWER-c. Superficial temporal arteries Which of the following is NOT true regarding the internal carotid artery? a. Its first major branch is the ophthalmic artery b. It supplies a high-resistance system c. It supplies a low-resistance system d. It is part of the anterior cerebral system e. It originates at the carotid bifurcation - ANSWER-b. It supplies a high-resistance system The 2 arteries creating the bidirectional signal observed 60 to 65 mm deep during transcranial insonation of the temporal window are the: - ANSWER-Middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries What is the most common anomaly of the circle of Willis? - ANSWER-Absence or hypoplasia of one or both of the communicating arteries Match each proximal vessel with its branch or continuation: Proximal vessel: A. Innominate artery B. Subclavian artery C. Common carotid artery D. Vertebral artery E. External carotid artery Branch or Continuation of Vessel: 1. Internal carotid artery 2. Subclavian artery 3. Basilar carotid artery 4. Superficial temporal artery 5. Vertebral artery - ANSWER-A-2, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-4 Helical flow with flow separation on the wall away from the flow divider is a sign of: - ANSWER-Normal flow dynamics The most common anatomic variant of the aortic arch is: - ANSWER-A common origin of the innominate and left common carotid arteries The great saphenous vein: A. Originates along the medial dorsum of the foot B. Passes superiorly, anterior to the medial malleolus C. Is accompanied by the saphenous nerve D. Receives tributaries from all surfaces of the lower extremity E. All are correct - ANSWER-E. All are correct Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the great saphenous vein? - ANSWER-It passes superiorly on the lateral side of the knee The superficial vein that sends flow to the 3 main perforating veins of the distal calf (Cockett perforators) is called: - ANSWER-Posterior accessory vein The paratibial perforating veins (formerly Boyd's perforator) are located: - ANSWER-Below the knee The left common iliac vein: - ANSWER-Crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation From this cross-sectional diagram of the thigh, reading from superficial to deep, identify the vessels marked (see picture in camera roll): - ANSWER-Great saphenous vein, femoral vein, profunda femoris vein The brachial veins connect the: - ANSWER-Ulnar and radial veins to the axillary vein Of the following vein segments, which is images LEAST commonly? A. Distal femoral vein B. Proximal deep femoral vein C. Distal deep femoral vein D. Distal popliteal vein E. Common femoral vein - ANSWER-C. Distal deep femoral vein The term "muscle pump" refers to: - ANSWER-The calf muscles In this cross section of the calf, which letter represents the posterior tibial vessels? (See picture in camera roll) - ANSWER-E In this cross section, which letter represents the fibula? (See picture in camera roll) - ANSWER-C In this cross section, which letter represents the interosseous membrane? (See picture in camera roll) - ANSWER-E In this cross section, which letter represents the small saphenous vein? (See picture in camera roll) - ANSWER-B Which vein in the antecubital fossa connects the cephalic and basilic veins? - ANSWER-Median cubical vein Which of the following is NOT a deep vein of the upper extremity? A. Ulnar vein B. Cephalic vein C. Axillary vein D. Radial vein E. Brachial vein - ANSWER-B. Cephalic vein The brachiocephalic vein is found: - ANSWER-On both the right and left sides Which of the following vessels joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein? - ANSWER-Basilic vein Muscular veins of the calf that empty into the popliteal vein behind the knee are: - ANSWER-Gastrocnemius veins Compared to the arteries, veins have: - ANSWER-Thinner adventitia and media Which of the following statements about venous valves is FALSE? A. They are essential to the muscle pump B. They are bicuspid C. They consist of endothelial tissue D. They allow flow only away from the heart E. They have sinuses to facilitate closure - ANSWER-D. They allow flow only away from the heart Peripheral resistance increases with: - ANSWER-Greater length, smaller diameter and higher blood viscosity The following arteries have low-resistance flow character: - ANSWER-Internal carotid, postprandial superior mesenteric and renal arteries Which of the following statements about the dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) is NOT correct? A. It runs anterior to the medial malleolus B. It is typically the continuation of the anterior tibial artery C. It joins the pedal arch about halfway along the dorsum of the foot D. It is a branch of the peroneal artery E. It begins at the end of the foot and ankle - ANSWER-D. It is a branch of the peroneal artery Vessels and structures of the penis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Deep artery of the penis B. Dorsal artery of the penis C. Corpus spongiosum D. Inferior vesicle artery E. Dorsal vein - ANSWER-D. Inferior vesicle artery Which of the following vessels is NOT found on or near the foot? A. The dorsalis pedis B. The posterior tibial C. The peroneal D. The circumflex E. All are found on or near the foot - ANSWER-D. The circumflex In B-mode imaging of the common femoral artery and its bifurcation into the profunda femoris and superficial femoral arteries, normally the profunda femoral artery courses: - ANSWER-Posterolateral to the superficial femoral artery The popliteal trifurcation is actually a double bifurcation. Which pairs form these two bifurcations? - ANSWER-Anterior tibial and tibioperoneal trunk; then posterior tibial and peroneal The axillary artery connects the: - ANSWER-Brachial artery to the subclavian artery The great vessels arising from the aortic arch include all of the following EXCEPT the: A. Innominate artery B. Right subclavian artery C. Left common carotid artery D. Left subclavian artery E. All arise from the aortic arch - ANSWER-B. Right subclavian artery At the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery becomes the: - ANSWER-Common femoral artery This vessels courses along the medial aspect of the psoas muscle: - ANSWER-External iliac artery The renal arteries from the aorta: - ANSWER-Laterally Because of the location of the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein: - ANSWER-Crosses anterior to the aorta inferior to the left renal artery In a cross section of the aorta and surrounding regions, the vein that is visualized superficial to the aorta and the origins of the right and left renal arteries and deep to the superior mesenteric artery is the: - ANSWER-Left renal vein The superior mesenteric artery typically originates from the: - ANSWER-Aorta between the celiac trunk and the renal arteries The superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the: - ANSWER-Right and left brachiocephalic veins The portal vein is formed by the junction of the: - ANSWER-Superior mesenteric and splenic veins A useful landmark for locating the renal arteries is the: - ANSW