A solid preparation absorbed when in liquid phase
Lecture started from here:
, - Ph difference in oral administration
- (Small) intestine highest surface area, permeability and blood perfusion(small)
intestine main absorption site
Gastric emptying can control absorption rate
- Can be affected by:
o Empty stomach
o Food, especially fat
o Drugs
Permeability-surface area product decreases across intestine
- For permeable molecules small intestine major absorption site
- Ditto for less permeable
, Competing GI reactions:
- Non-enzymatic
- acid hydrolysis (stomach) can destroy drug because this is happening
- Enzymatic
- digestive enzymes (bile, pancreatic fluids)
- metabolic enzymes (intestinal epithelium)
- microflora enzymes (mainly large bowel)
- Complexation with other drugs taken other drugs
- Adsorbents (e.g., charcoal) like an overdose of a drug
Can deal with this by coating the drug
- Or convert the drug to what you want via one of those reactions if you can’t beat them
join them
First pass loss:
- Certain drugs are lost in liver and cannot reach target site since the BA is too lowfirst
pass loss
- Drug must pass through gut wall and liver before reaching systemic circulation properly
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