APUSH Final Exam Review Latest Update 2023

Massachusetts Bay Colony - ANSWER Established in 1629 by the Puritans. Governor John Winthrop called it a "city upon a hill." Established for religious purposes. Puritans - ANSWER Religious dissidents who traveled to the New World to develop a purer church than the Church of England. Indentured Servents - ANSWER Exchanged work for passage to the New World. London Company - ANSWER Permitted by King James I to establish Jamestown for economic reasons. Powhatan Confederacy - ANSWER Native American alliance who had early conflict with the Jamestown settlers. Eventually, they developed a trade alliance and provided the colonists with corn. Pocahontas married John Rolfe to ensure future peace. House of Burgesses - ANSWER Created in 1619 by the Virginia colony. First representative government in any British colony. William Bradford - ANSWER Leader of the Seperatist pilgrims who landed on Plymouth Rock. Mayflower Compact - ANSWER 1620. Provided the pilgrims with a representative government once they reached land. Roger Williams - ANSWER Preached separation of church and state, and argued that Mass. Bay Colony was too similar to the Church of England. He was exiled for spreading dissent and went to Rhode Island. Thomas Hooker/John Davenport - ANSWER Founded the colony of Connecticut. Hooker had been forced out of Mass. Bay Colony. Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER Exiled from Mass. Bay Colony for claiming personal revelations with God. Established Portsmouth. George Calvert - ANSWER Settled Maryland in 1632 as a refuge for English Catholics. Mercantilism - ANSWER Economic theory: state must be as self-sufficient as possible, export more than input, government regulation of commerce, colonies, tariffs, monopolies. Navigation Acts - ANSWER Passed in 1660. Forced colonies to trade solely with Great Britain, increased tensions. Triangular Trade Route - ANSWER Slaves taken from Africa and brought to the colonies, raw materials from colonies went to Britain, finished products sold back to the colonies. Middle Passage - ANSWER African slave route in which many died from horrible conditions. Salem Witch Trials - ANSWER Hysteria in Salem, Mass. over alleged witches. Many executed on false claims. Salutary Neglect - ANSWER British policy of relaxing enforcement of trade regulations in the colonies. Dominion of New England - ANSWER Revoked the charters of many colonies and placed control under Edmund Andros, the governor. Bacon's Rebellion - ANSWER Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landowners opposed Sir Berkeley's authority and burned Jamestown to the ground. Failed, but limited royal governor's power and increased the slave trade. Stono Rebellion - ANSWER Occurred in Charleston, South Carolina. Slaves took up arms and killed plantation owners, but were quickly subdued. Results: slaves treated even more harshly. Colonial Assemblies - ANSWER Rose in the early 1700s. Increased colonial independence, scaring the British. Molasses Act - ANSWER Increased British control on colonial goods. First Great Awakening - ANSWER Religious revival in the colonies in . Ministers preached horrible images of sinners burning in hell and gained popularity off of fear. Famous among them were Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield. French and Indian War - ANSWER Conflict between French with Indian allies and the British with colonial support. Decreased French influence in colonies.