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Samenvatting smvt onderzoeksmethodologie, gegeven door Frank Stevens
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smvt onderzoeksmethodologie, gegeven door Frank Stevens
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OnderzoeksmethodologieInhoudstafel
1) Wat is onderzoek?........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Definitie onderzoek................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Grondhoudingen van de onderzoeker....................................................................................................4
1.3 Kwaliteitscriteria.....................................................................................................................................5
1.3.1 Representativiteit............................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Validiteit of geldigheid.....................................................................................................................6
1.3.3 Betrouwbaarheid.............................................................................................................................6
1.3.4 objectiviteit......................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Classificaties van onderzoek...................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Indelingen o.b.v. het wetenschapsgebied........................................................................................6
1.4.2 Kwantitatief en kwalitatief onderzoek.............................................................................................6
1.4.3 Theoriegericht en praktijkgericht.....................................................................................................7
2) Verloop van een onderzoeksproces.............................................................................................................7
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Probleemstelling.....................................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Probleemanalyse.............................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Hoofd- en deelvragen......................................................................................................................8
2.3 Onderzoeksplan......................................................................................................................................8
2.3.1 Probleemstelling..............................................................................................................................8
2.3.2 Globale onderzoeksbenadering.......................................................................................................8
2.3.3 Methoden en technieken.................................................................................................................8
2.3.4 Onderzoekseenheden en onderzoeksplan.......................................................................................8
2.3.5 Planning...........................................................................................................................................9
2.4 literatuurstudie/bronnenstudie..............................................................................................................9
2.5 Dataverzameling.....................................................................................................................................9
2.6 Dataverwerking......................................................................................................................................9
2.7 Rapportage.............................................................................................................................................9
3) Kwantitatieve VS kwalitatieve onderzoeksstrategieën...............................................................................10
3.1 De keuze tussen kwantitatief en kwalitatief?.......................................................................................10
3.2 De relatie tussen onderzoekstrategie, -methode en -instrument.........................................................10
4) Kwantitatieve onderzoeksmethoden..........................................................................................................11
4.1 Experiment...........................................................................................................................................11
4.1.1 Soorten experimenten...................................................................................................................11
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, 4.1.2 Problemen met experimenten in sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek..........................................11
4.2 Surveymateriaal....................................................................................................................................12
4.2.1 Geregistreerde gegevens:..............................................................................................................12
4.2.2 Enquêtes........................................................................................................................................12
4.2.3 Voor- en nadelen van enquêtes.....................................................................................................14
4.2.4 Aantal varianten van enquête-onderzoek......................................................................................14
5) Het maken van een enquête......................................................................................................................14
5.1 Gestructureerde vragenlijst..................................................................................................................14
5.2 Soorten vragen.....................................................................................................................................15
5.2.1. Enkelvoudige, gesloten meerkeuzevragen....................................................................................15
5.2.2. Meervoudige, gesloten meerkeuzevraag......................................................................................16
5.2.3. Enkelvoudige, halfopen meerkeuzevragen...................................................................................16
5.2.4. Meervoudige, halfopen meerkeuzevragen...................................................................................16
5.2.5. Open vragen.................................................................................................................................16
5.2.6. Filtervragen...................................................................................................................................17
5.2.7. Schaalvragen.................................................................................................................................17
5.2.8. Rastervragen.................................................................................................................................17
5.2.9. Lineaalvragen................................................................................................................................18
5.3 Richtlijnen voor het opstellen van vragenlijsten...................................................................................18
5.3.1 Tips in verband met het maken van een instrument.....................................................................18
5.3.2 Vraagtechnische tips......................................................................................................................18
5.4 Begeleidende brief of introductie(brief)...............................................................................................18
5.5 Testfase.................................................................................................................................................19
6) Enkele methoden en technieken voor kwalitatief onderzoek nader bekeken............................................19
6.1 Het open interview...............................................................................................................................19
6.1.1 Het gestructureerd, open interview...............................................................................................19
6.1.2 Het ongestructureerd, open interview..........................................................................................20
6.1.3 Het halfgestructureerde, open interview.......................................................................................20
6.2 Aantal respondenten?..........................................................................................................................20
6.3 Het opmaken van een vragenprotocol / topiclijst.................................................................................20
6.3.1 De inhoud van vragen/topics.........................................................................................................21
6.3.2 Creatievere vragen.........................................................................................................................22
6.3.3 Doorvraagtechnieken.....................................................................................................................22
6.4 Focusgroepen.......................................................................................................................................22
6.4.1 Focusgroep? Of toch maar niet?....................................................................................................22
6.4.2 De organisatie van een focusgroep................................................................................................23
6.4.3 Het meetinstrument......................................................................................................................23
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, 6.5 Observatie.............................................................................................................................................23
6.5.1 To observe or not to observe?.......................................................................................................23
6.5.2 Soorten observaties.......................................................................................................................24
6.5.3 Het rollenspel van de veldonderzoeker.........................................................................................25
6.5.4 De intrede in het veld....................................................................................................................25
6.5.5 Het veldwerk zelf...........................................................................................................................25
6.5.6 De meetinstrumenten....................................................................................................................25
7) Twee specifieke vormen van kwalitatief onderzoek...................................................................................26
7.1 Casestudie.............................................................................................................................................26
7.1.1 Kenmerken van een gevalstudie....................................................................................................26
7.1.2 Selectie...........................................................................................................................................26
7.1.3 Designs voor casestudie.................................................................................................................27
7.1.4 Voor- en nadelen van een casestudie............................................................................................27
7.2 Actieonderzoek.....................................................................................................................................27
7.2.1 Kenmerken van actieonderzoek.....................................................................................................27
7.2.2 Gebruik ‘actieonderzoek’ als strategie bij het voorbereiden van een bachelorproef....................28
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