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Portage Learning 2025 BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Final Exam 2025 / 2026 Questions & Answers $13.49
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Portage Learning 2025 BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Final Exam 2025 / 2026 Questions & Answers
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Portage Learning 2025 BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Final Exam 2025 / 2026 Questions & Answers

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  • February 7, 2023
  • 31
  • 2022/2023
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9t7xs8
Biod 171 essential microbiology Final Exam Questions and Answers Portage

Learning


1. Microbiology is the study of what?: Microbiology is the study of microbes

(microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes.


2. What is the smallest biological unit of life: cell


3. What is a macromolecule?: A macromolecule is classified as a complex

molecule that is composed from smaller subunits.


4. What are the four main types of macromolecules?: Proteins, nucleic acids,

lipids and carbohydrates


5. What various functions do proteins have in a cell: Proteins may facilitate

the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that

catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play a structural role

while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.






, BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9t7xs8
6. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?: There are

two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA

(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic

information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary

information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living

organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in

DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.


7. What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of?: The plasma

membrane serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of

the cell from the outside surrounding environment. The plasma membrane

also restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients, etc) either in or out

of the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed (influx)

while also preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma

membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).






, BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9t7xs8
8. What are the three main components of carbohydrates?: Carbohydrates

are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples would

include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and C6H10O5 (cellulose).


9. What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

cells?: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region

within the cell that contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic cells do not have

a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria or Archaea.


10. What are the main morphologies of bacteria?: Bacteria can be

described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or

spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).


11. Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to

survive under harsh conditions?: Archaea. They are able to survive in

extremely harsh environmental conditions such as high salt levels, acid

conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor conditions.





, BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9t7xs8
12. What are the four main classifications of Eukarya?: Eukaryotic

microorganisms are classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

or Protista.


13. Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?: No.

Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not

considered living and do not replicate on their own, meaning they must

replicate within a host.


14. The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what?: The

cell membrane is a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids,

meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-

polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region. The lipid bilayer is situated in

such a way where the non-polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the

polar head groups to interact with water both outside and inside of the cell.


15. What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be

sure to know the roles of each.: Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of

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