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Samenvatting Klinische Psychologie - geslaagd 1e zit
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  • Course
  • Klinische Psychologie
  • Institution
  • Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)

Dit is een samenvatting Klinische Psychologie van Toegepaste Psychologie aan Thomas More Hogeschool Antwerpen. Ik slaagde met deze samenvatting in de 1e zit (14/20). Het bevat alle hoorcolleges en is gemaakt aan de hand van de powerpoints en cursusteksten. Bevat ook zelfstudies.

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Document information

  • February 7, 2023
  • 135
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • cognitieve theorie en
  • inleiding in de klinische psychologie
  • inleiding psychopathologie
  • psychoanalytische theorie en therapie
  • biologisch perspectief en psychofarmacologie
  • leertheorie en gedragstherapie

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  • Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)
  • Bachelor Toegepaste Psychologie
  • Klinische Psychologie
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Inhoudsopgave Klinische Psychologie
1. Inleiding in de klinische psychologie........................................................................................................... 7
1.1. De term ‘klinisch’......................................................................................................................................7
1.2. Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................7
1.3. Normaal of abnormaal..................................................................................................................................7
1.3.1. Wat is afwijkend?..................................................................................................................................7
1.3.2. Definitie psychische stoornis – DSM......................................................................................................8
1.4. Modellen........................................................................................................................................................8
1.4.1. Statistisch model....................................................................................................................................8
1.4.2. Medisch model......................................................................................................................................8
1.4.3. Leermodel..............................................................................................................................................9
1.5. Populatie.......................................................................................................................................................9
1.5.1. Epidemiologisch onderzoek...................................................................................................................9
1.5.2. Prevalentie psychische stoornissen.......................................................................................................9

2. Inleiding psychopathologie....................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Inleiding psychopathologie.........................................................................................................................10
2.1.1. Omschrijving en situering....................................................................................................................10
2.1.2. Normaliteit versus pathologie.............................................................................................................10
2.1.3. Begrippen.............................................................................................................................................10
2.2. Classificatie..................................................................................................................................................11
2.2.1. Betekenis van classificatie...................................................................................................................11
2.2.2. DSM & ICD...........................................................................................................................................12
2.3. Kenmerken DSM..........................................................................................................................................12
2.3.1. DSM-5 categorieën psychische stoornissen........................................................................................13
2.3.2. Belangrijke veranderingen in DSM-5...................................................................................................13
2.3.3. DSM-5 blijft bron van controverse......................................................................................................13
2.3.4. Opbouw DSM-5...................................................................................................................................14
2.4. Diagnostiek – beoordelingsmethoden........................................................................................................15
2.4.1. Diagnostiek – klinisch interview..........................................................................................................15
2.4.2. Diagnostiek – psychologische tests.....................................................................................................16
2.4.3. Diagnostiek – neuropsychologische tests............................................................................................16
2.4.4. Diagnostiek – gedragsbeoordeling......................................................................................................16
2.4.5. Diagnostiek – fysiologische beoordeling.............................................................................................17
2.5. Classificatie van symptomen (zelfstudie)....................................................................................................17
2.5.1. Expressie en motoriek.........................................................................................................................17
2.5.2. Bewustzijn............................................................................................................................................17
2.5.3. Zelfbeleving..........................................................................................................................................17
2.5.4. Waarneming........................................................................................................................................18
2.5.5. Denken en geheugen...........................................................................................................................18
2.5.6. Gevoelens en verlangen......................................................................................................................18

3. Psychoanalytische theorie en therapie..................................................................................................... 20
3.1. Introductie...................................................................................................................................................20
3.2. Psychoanalytische theorie...........................................................................................................................21
3.2.1. Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................21
3.2.2. Achtergrond.........................................................................................................................................21
3.2.3. Bewust & onbewust.............................................................................................................................21
3.2.4. Persoonlijkheidstheorie.......................................................................................................................22

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, 3.2.5. Ontwikkelingsfasen..............................................................................................................................22
3.2.6. Afweermechanismen...........................................................................................................................22
3.2.7. Andere grote namen............................................................................................................................23
3.3. Behandeling.................................................................................................................................................24
3.3.1. Ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................................24
3.3.2. Diagnostiek..........................................................................................................................................25
3.3.3. Therapie...............................................................................................................................................26
3.3.4. Effect....................................................................................................................................................27

4. Biologisch perspectief en psychofarmacologie.......................................................................................... 28
4.1. Wat weten we over de hersenen?...............................................................................................................28
4.1.1. Macroscopisch.....................................................................................................................................28
4.1.2. Microscopisch......................................................................................................................................28
4.2. Psychofarmacologie....................................................................................................................................29
4.2.1. Psychofarmacon..................................................................................................................................29
4.2.2. Psychofarmacologie.............................................................................................................................32

5. Leertheorie en gedragstherapie................................................................................................................ 34
5.1. Leertheorie..................................................................................................................................................34
5.1.1. Achtergrond.........................................................................................................................................34
5.1.2. Klassieke conditionering......................................................................................................................34
5.1.3. Operante conditionering.....................................................................................................................36
5.1.4. Sociaal leren.........................................................................................................................................37
5.2. Gedragstherapie..........................................................................................................................................37
5.2.1. Ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................................37
5.2.2. Diagnostiek..........................................................................................................................................38
5.2.3. Therapie...............................................................................................................................................38

6. Cognitieve theorie en therapie................................................................................................................. 41
6.1. Cognitieve theorie.......................................................................................................................................41
6.1.1. Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................41
6.1.2. Ellis.......................................................................................................................................................41
6.1.3. Beck......................................................................................................................................................41
6.1.4. Schema’s..............................................................................................................................................42
6.2. Cognitieve therapie.....................................................................................................................................43
6.2.1. Ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................................43
6.2.2. Diagnostiek..........................................................................................................................................44
6.2.3. Therapie...............................................................................................................................................44
6.2.4. Effect....................................................................................................................................................45

7. Ervaringsgerichte theorie en therapie....................................................................................................... 46
7.1. Ervaringsgerichte theorie............................................................................................................................46
7.1.1. Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................46
7.1.2. Client-centered theory (Carl Rogers)...................................................................................................46
7.1.3. Maslow: motivatietheorie...................................................................................................................47
7.1.4. Laing.....................................................................................................................................................47
7.1.5. Perls: gestalt-theorie...........................................................................................................................47
7.2. Ervaringsgerichte therapie..........................................................................................................................47
7.2.1. Ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................................47
7.2.2. Diagnostiek: klassieke cliëntgerichte therapie....................................................................................48
7.2.3. Therapie...............................................................................................................................................50
7.2.4. Effectstudies.............................................................................................................................................50

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,8. Systeemtheorie en – therapie................................................................................................................... 51
8.1. Theorie.........................................................................................................................................................51
8.1.1. Algemene systeemtheorie...................................................................................................................51
8.1.2. Communicatietheorie..........................................................................................................................52
8.1.3. Structurele benadering........................................................................................................................54
8.1.4. Contextuele benadering......................................................................................................................55
8.2. Systeemtherapie..........................................................................................................................................56
8.2.1. Ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................................56
8.2.2. Diagnostiek..........................................................................................................................................57
8.2.3. Therapie...............................................................................................................................................57
8.2.4. Effect....................................................................................................................................................59
8.3. Sociaal perspectief......................................................................................................................................59
8.4. Biopsychosociaal perspectief......................................................................................................................60

9. Gedragsproblemen en verslaving............................................................................................................. 61
9.1. Gedragsproblemen – en stoornissen...........................................................................................................61
9.1.1. Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................61
9.1.2. Normoverschrijdend-gedragsstoornis.................................................................................................62
9.1.3. Oppositionele-opstandige gedragsstoornis (ODD)..............................................................................63
9.1.4. Oorzaken gedragsproblemen..............................................................................................................64
9.1.5. Behandeling.........................................................................................................................................64
9.1.6. Prognose..............................................................................................................................................65
9.2. Gedragsverslaving.......................................................................................................................................65
9.2.1. Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................65
9.2.2. Definitie internetgamingsstoornis.......................................................................................................66
9.2.3. DSM-5 criteria internetgamingstoornis...............................................................................................66
9.2.4. Prevalentie...........................................................................................................................................66
9.2.5. Gamen: waarom zo aantrekkelijk?......................................................................................................66
9.2.6. Diagnostiek: 3M-model: mens, middel en milieu...............................................................................68
9.2.7. Behandeling gameverslaving...............................................................................................................69

10. Stemmingsstoornissen........................................................................................................................... 72
10.1. Definitie.....................................................................................................................................................72
10.1.1. Depressieve stoornis.........................................................................................................................72
10.1.1. Peristerend depressieve stoornis (dysthymie)..................................................................................73
10.1.2. Specificaties van depressieve stemmingsstoornis............................................................................73
10.1.3. Comorbiditeit bij depressie...............................................................................................................74
10.1.4. Differentiaal diagnostiek....................................................................................................................74
10.1.5. Etiologie: multifactorieel...................................................................................................................74
10.1.6. Pathogenese......................................................................................................................................75
10.2. Premenstruele stemmingsstoornis............................................................................................................75
10.3. Disruptieve stemmingsdisregulatiestoornis..............................................................................................75
10.4. Behandeling...............................................................................................................................................75
10.4.1. Antidepressiva...................................................................................................................................76
10.5. Bipolaire stoornis.......................................................................................................................................76
10.5.1. Behandeling.......................................................................................................................................77
10.6. Suïcide.......................................................................................................................................................77
10.6.1. Fabeljes over suicide..........................................................................................................................77
10.6.2. Euthanasie.........................................................................................................................................77

11. Verlies en (gecompliceerde) rouw.......................................................................................................... 78

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, 11.1. Theorie en diagnostiek..............................................................................................................................78
11.1.1. Wat is rouw?......................................................................................................................................78
11.1.2. Theorieën over rouw.........................................................................................................................78
11.1.3. Prototypische trajecten na verlies of trauma....................................................................................79
11.1.4. Gecompliceerde rouw.......................................................................................................................80
11.1.5. Differentiaaldiagnostiek....................................................................................................................82
11.1.6. Risico – en beschermende factoren..................................................................................................82
11.2. Rouwbegeleiding – en therapie................................................................................................................83
11.2.1. Behandeling vanuit cognitief-gedragstherapeutisch perspectief.....................................................83
11.2.2. Behandeling rouw vanuit systeemperspectief..................................................................................85
11.2.3. Effectstudies......................................................................................................................................87

12. Psychotrauma........................................................................................................................................ 88
12.1. Etiologie.....................................................................................................................................................88
12.2. Diagnostiek PTSS.......................................................................................................................................88
12.2.1. Anamnese..........................................................................................................................................88
12.2.2. Acute stressstoornis..........................................................................................................................88
12.2.3. DSM-5-criteria PTSS...........................................................................................................................89
12.2.4. Risicofactoren....................................................................................................................................90
12.2.5. Bevallingstrauma...............................................................................................................................90
12.3. Behandeling...............................................................................................................................................90
12.3.1. Fases traumaverwerking...................................................................................................................90
12.3.2. Medicamenteus.................................................................................................................................91
12.3.3. Behandelmethoden bij sprake van PTSS...........................................................................................91

13. Angststoornissen.................................................................................................................................... 92
13.1. Angst.........................................................................................................................................................92
13.1.1. Functie...............................................................................................................................................92
13.1.2. Ontwikkeling......................................................................................................................................92
13.1.3. Evolutie angsten................................................................................................................................92
13.2. Angststoornissen.......................................................................................................................................93
13.2.1. Paniekstoornis...................................................................................................................................93
13.2.2. Sociale angststoornis.........................................................................................................................94
13.2.3. Enkelvoudige fobie............................................................................................................................95
13.3. Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis...............................................................................................................95
13.4. OCD............................................................................................................................................................96

14. Somatoforme stoornissen...................................................................................................................... 99
14.1. Somatoforme stoornissen.........................................................................................................................99
14.1.1. Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................99
14.2. Functioneel neurologische symptoomstoornis (conversie).....................................................................100
14.3. Somatische symptoomstoornis...............................................................................................................100
14.4. Nagebootste stoornis (al dan niet opgedrongen)...................................................................................101
14.5. Hypochondrie (ziekteangst stoornis).......................................................................................................102
14.6. Dysmorfofobie.........................................................................................................................................102
14.7. Genderdysforie........................................................................................................................................103
14.8. Chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom........................................................................................................103

15. Psychose.............................................................................................................................................. 104

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