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Complete samenvatting module 2 celbiologie psychobiologie jaar 1

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Complete samenvatting module 2 celbiologie psychobiologie jaar 1

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  • February 7, 2023
  • 11
  • 2021/2022
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Bioenergenetica

Celmetabolisme
1) Catabolische routes
o Breken levensmiddelen af in
kleinere moleculen
 Energieproductie
 Bouwstenenproductie
2) Anabolische routes
o Gebruiken kleine. Moleculen en energie van catabolische routes om andere
moleculen (die de cel vormen) te synthetiseren.

Cellular respiration
- Glucose  energie
- C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energie (= warmte of ATP)
Figure 1: Glycolyse
1) Glycolyse = glucose afbraak
o Anaeroob
o Netto 2 ATP
o NAD+  NADH (glucose:NAD = 1:10)

Netto: glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+  2 pyrodruivenzuur + 2 ATP + 2 NADH


2) Pyrodruivenzuur  Citroenzuurcyclus
o Aeroob in mitochondrium
o (Anaeroob in cytoplasma, gisting)
o 2 ATP
o Doorlopen voor elk pyruvaat molecuul
o NAD+  NADH (glucose:NAD = 1:10)




3) Elektronentransportketen
o Aeroob
o 1 NADH  3 ATP
o Totaal 34 ATP

, Fermentatie
Glycolyse zonder zuurstof

1) Alcoholische fermentatie
o 2 pyrodruivenzuur  CO2 + 2 acetaldehyde (elektronenacceptor)
 2 ADP  4 ATP
 2 NAD+  2 NADH
o 2 acetaldehyde (elektronenacceptor)  2 ethanol
 2 NADH  2 NAD+

2) Melkzuur fermentatie
o Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+  2 pyrodruivenzuur + 4 ATP + 2 NADH
 2 ADP  4 ATP
 2 NAD+  2 NADH
o 2 pyrodruivenzuur (elektronenacceptor)  2 lactaat
 2 NADH  2 NAD+


Thermodynamica
Wet 1: Energie wordt niet gemaakt of afgebroken, het verandert van vorm.
Wet 2: De entropie (wanorde) van het universum neemt altijd toe.
Wet 3: Een perfect gekristalliseerde vaste stof bij het absolute 0-punt heeft een entropie van
0

Entropie
- = Wanorde
- Meer energieverspreiding  meer entropie
- S (J/K)

Levende cellen voldoen niet aan de 2e wet van thermodynamica
Hoe?
- Geen geïsoleerd systeem: Ze gebruiken energie uit voedsel/fotonen om orde te
genereren.
- Deel van de energie wordt omgezet in warmte.
- Warmte komt vrij in omgeving en zorgt voor wanorde.
- Totale entropie neemt toe.

De koolstofkring

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