Summary
Summary Research Methods
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Full Summary Research Methods Psychology Course Radboud University Nijmegen
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
milajanssen06
Reviews received
Content preview
Research Methods Summary MilaChapter 1:
Don’t rely on intuition and authority -> cognitive and motivational biases
Skepticism: evaluation based on careful logic and results
Empiricism: knowledge based on observation
Characteristics of scientific investigation:
o Data is central
o Scientists not alone: research is reported
o Adversarial: battle
o Peer review
Falsifiability: scientific ideas are testable
Pseudoscience
Goals behavioral science:
o Describe behavior: observation, relation
o Predict behavior: make better decisions
o Determine causes: change behavior
Temporal precedence: A -> B, not B -> A
Covariation cause and effect: when A -> B, when not A -> also not B
Elimination of alternative explanations: no confounding variable
o Explain behavior: why does behavior occurs
Basic research: answer questions of nature
Applied research: problems and solutions
Program evaluation: (MSD)
Induction: from data to theory
Deduction: using theory to make predictions about new data
Chapter 4:
Validity = accuracy
o Construct validity: are you measuring what you’re supposed to
o Internal validity: accurate conclusion about cause and effect
Temporal precedence
Covariation of cause and effect
Elimination of alternative explanations
o External validity: can you generalize findings
Operational definition: the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate the variable
Positive/negative/curvilinear/no relationship
Correlation coefficient: strength and direction of correlation (-1.0 till +1.0)
Nonexperimental method: correlational method
o Observation
o Used when it would otherwise be unpractical or unethical
o Difficult to determine direction of cause and effect
o Third-variable problem: alternative explanation
Confounding variable
o
Experimental method
o Direct manipulation
o Independent and dependent variable
, o Experimental control: all extraneous variables are kept constant
o Randomization
Field experiment: variable is manipulated in natural setting
o But no control
Participant variables: characteristics of individuals (age, gender)
Chapter 8
Posttest-only design:
o 2 equal groups -> no selection difference
Pretest-posttest design:
o Attrition/mortality
o Time consuming/ sensitize
Solomon four-group design
Between-subject design:
o Manipulation
o Randomization
o Elimination of confounding variable
o Measure dependent variable once
o Compare conditions in term of means
Within-subject design:
o Manipulation
o Counterbalancing or randomization of groups: because you don’t want order effects
o Order effects:
Practice effect
Fatigue effect
Carry-over effect: influence of one condition on the other condition
Spontaneous recovery
Autonomous maturation: in longer period people can change which could
become a confounding variable
o Elimination of confounding variables
o Measure dependent variable multiple times
Participant is in all conditions
o Compare conditions in term of means
Counterbalancing: determine order of conditions very specifically
o Intra-group: each participant receives one of orders on the list at random
o Intra-subject: each participant receives the conditions in multiple, sophisticated
orders.
o Balanced Latin square: A B L C L-1 D L-2 E etc.
Randomization of groups:
o Intra-group: order for each participant determined anew
o Intra-subject: each participant receives each condition very often in a random order
Mixed designs: improvement = posttest – pretest
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller milajanssen06. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.59. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now