Straighterline | Philosophy Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Existentialism correct answer: The belief that traditional philosophy is irrelevant to real life, and that it should focus on the individual and their everyday confrontation with the world. The world is irrational, absurd, cannot be explained, and trivial. We are unable to effectively communicate. Our main goal in life is to figure out how to confront the absurdity of our existence and continue from there until our utterly pointless deaths. Kierkegaard correct answer: Believed that despair is our ultimate end. Believed in the complete irrationality of the world. Philosophy should help us make decisions to avoid dread, suffering, and fear, or to deal with them most effectively. Nietzsche correct answer: Rejected Hegel's idealism. Believed in cosmic will as the driving force behind everything. He modified Schopenhauer's "will" into "will-to-power". Life is trivial, meaningless, and joyless for all but the "Übermensch" or "Superman". We have no access to absolute truth; there are only interpretations, but no facts. Nietzsche correct answer: "God is dead", because the Übermensch creates values and overthrows the slave mentality. Freud correct answer: Developed the technique of psychoanalysis. Believed that who we are depends on our subconscious and impressions from our early life. Id correct answer: Freudian term for what is essentially our basest, most animalistic drives Superego correct answer: Freudian term for what is essentially a combination of consciousness and social pressure that makes us overcome the id Jung correct answer: Developed 16 archetypes of personality Adler correct answer: Believed that human behavior is a constant attempt to compensate for perceived defects, and that overcompensation leads to mental health issues. Camus correct answer: Explored the validity of suicide as an option. Believed that most people go through life never seeing things as they are, only illusions. Thus, everything, including ourselves, is often unknown to us. Proposed that there are two basic needs that humans have; clarity/understanding, and social warmth. The world exists as a place in which these needs are unmet. The world is absurd, therefore we cannot have understanding, because nothing has a reason. Humans are violent and distant by nature, and so true relationships are nonexistent. Surprisingly, Camus came to the conclusion that suicide is unacceptable because it is a weak response to an unjust destiny. By struggling against that which we cannot beat, we somehow give value to our meaningless existences. Sartre correct answer: As there is no God, there is no divine conception of humankind that applies to all humans. All humans must produce their own essence, since there isn't any s