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Problem 3. I spy ……Conformity, A change in behaviour due to social pressure.
Informational influence, a reason for conformity based on peoples desires to be correct.
Normative influence, a reason for conformity based on people desire to be liked(or not appear
foolish).
Frame of reference, using the behavior of others to establish the range of possibilities.
Autokinesis, optical illusion in which a pinpoint of light shining in complete darkness appears to
move about.
Social identity theory, Theory of group membership and intergroup relations based in self-
categorization, social comparison and the construction of a shared self-definition.
Meta-contrast principle, the prototype of a group is that position within the group that has the
largest ratio of differences to in-group positions to outgroup positions.
Self-categorization Theory, Self-categorization theory is a theory in social psychology that describes
the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as
a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms.
Minority influence, social influence processes whereby numerical or power minorities change the
attitudes of the majority.
Conformity bias, tendency for social psychology to treat group influence as a one-way process in
which individuals or minorities always conform to majorities.
Private conformity, the change of beliefs that occurs when a person privately accepts the position
taken by others. (Conversion)
Public conformity, a superficial change in overt behavior without a corresponding change in opinion
that is produced by real or imagined group pressure. (compliance)
Idiosyncrasy credits, interpersonal “credits” that a person earns by following group norms. If enough
credits are accumulated, some deviance will be tolerated.
Compliance, changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests.
Anticonformity, deliberately expressing opinions different from those of the other group members in
order to challenge the group and its standards rather than expressing personal preferences.
Congruence, agreeing with the norm.
Strategic conformity, confirming for a strategic reason.
The causes of conformity
There are to two influences that lead to conformity:
When confronted with a question where the answer is not that obvious, people tend to take
other’s answers into consideration(Informational influence), unless they believed to be more
competent. People seek the opinion of others when encountering a situation they don’t fully
understand. They do this threw asking or comparing their reaction to others, thereby
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