WGU D096 Fundamentals of Diverse Learners Questions and Answers Rated A

WGU D096 Fundamentals of Diverse Learners Questions and Answers Rated A Title III addresses English learners (ELs), including what other status of students? Migrant children and youth What is one function of the Home Language Survey for English language (EL) students? Determines the potential need for a language assistance program An EL student was placed in a special education program. It was determined later that this student was incorrectly placed in the program. What may be the reason for this? The student was identified as having a learning disorder before being assessed as a second language learner. What is true about the nature of decisions regarding Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals? Decisions can change to reflect the student's progress relative to English learner (EL) program goals. Who must give input in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) placement process? Parents A special education team has determined that a student with a learning disability learns best in a regular classroom for most of the day and in a special education classroom for two hours a day.Which component of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is being addressed? Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) A student is learning to speak English. She knows the meaning of about 1,000 words and can speak some words.What is this stage of second language acquisition? Early Production A student's native language is English and the student is in the Preproduction stage of learning to speak Spanish. What is an activity this student can complete? Practice pronouncing words A student is learning to speak English as a second language. This student can speak simple sentences but still relies heavily on context clues. What is this stage of second language acquisition? Speech Emergence What is a characteristic of English learners? They progress through developmental stages of second language acquisition. English learners learn best in collaborative and cooperative classes where they can practice using American Standard English. What is a characteristic of students who are learning a second language? Students who practice the second language in academic settings learn academic language faster. A student performs well on mathematics tasks but often struggles with reading assignments. Which inference can be made? The student may have a learning disability. What is one difference between an Individualized Education Program (IEP) and a 504 plan? An IEP is governed by the Department of Education and a 504 plan is governed by the U.S. Office of Civil Rights. Which of the thirteen IDEA categories includes dyslexia? Specific Learning Disabilities A teacher wants to create a test-taking routine for students.Which step should the teacher take to create a routine for taking tests? Remind students to read the directions before each test begins. A teacher observes disruptive behavior among a number of students in a classroom.Which change can the teacher make to attempt to prevent disruptive behavior? Reduce long delays between activities to hold students' attention Which curriculum adjustment will help students who are bored in class? Adjust assignments to include student interests Who is responsible for creating assessments in a co-teaching classroom? Both co-teachers Which task must both co-teachers undertake in co-teaching every day? Planning instruction A teacher uses preassessments to determine where each student's instruction should begin and then matches students with appropriate activities. Which differentiation method is the teacher using? Content A student's Individualized Education Program (IEP) says that she should sit near the teacher, in the first or second row of desks. Which type of differentiation is addressed in the IEP? Environment A teacher uses reading materials at different readability levels.Which method of differentiation is the teacher using? Content A teacher allows students to choose between taking an exam and completing a project. Why is this an example of a teacher using the action and expression aspect of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in the classroom? The action gives students more than one way to interact with the material. Which statement describes what modifications and accommodations change in education? Modifications change what a student learns, and accommodations change how a student learns. Why is it difficult to assess giftedness and talent? Students can be gifted and talented in many areas and ways. Which student is exhibiting a talent? A student practices every day and is the best musician in the school. A student with a movement impairment is given extra time and adaptive technology to answer a question. Which differentiation strategy has been applied? Multiple means of action and expression A student seems to get easily confused when completing complex tasks or answering multi-part questions. What can the teacher do to provide a differentiated assessment? Design tiered activities A teacher wants to use an alternative assessment with students believed to be gifted and talented. Which option would allow these students to showcase their best work and provide insights into their progress over time? Portfolios Which question should students be able to answer using any feedback they receive? What specifically should I do next time based on this feedback? How can data be used to change teaching practice for students who underperformed on a formative exam? By temporarily decreasing task demands to build their content mastery What is a fundamental cultural purpose of language outside of communication? Identity A student sees a teacher holding a large pile of papers and bags about to open the door. The student opens the door to help the teacher. Which element of culture most influences the student's behavior? Norms What is equity pedagogy? Using different teaching styles to meet the diverse needs of students Which attitude toward mistakes helps students develop self-efficacy? Mistakes are opportunities for a student to learn. A teacher has a classroom of students who mostly share the same mainstream culture. The teacher has a different background and culture than many of the students in the class.Should the teacher consider using culturally responsive teaching in the classroom Yes, because all students can benefit from these teaching strategies. A teacher allows students to complete work together during study time, but he also keeps a quiet part of the room where students can do their work individually if they prefer. Is the teacher using culturally responsive teaching methods? Yes, because the teacher is allowing students to choose a style of learning that best aligns with their individual style. Maximum language acquisition happens when learners read or hear language that is a bit beyond their current level of understanding. Which hypothesis of Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) includes this belief? Input A teacher has a word wall with terms posted and asks students to write sentences using two words from the wall.Which strategy is the teacher using in the classroom? Reinforcing language An English learner (EL) student spends half the school day receiving instruction in the student's native language and the other half of the day getting instruction in English. Which type of EL program is the student enrolled in? Dual Immersion An English learner (EL) program teacher has students leave the general education classroom to teach English in a small group in another room. Which type of program does this scenario describe? Pull Out Which example shows a student mastering Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)? Understanding a story that uses figurative language A class is given a reading assignment with some words that English learners (ELs) are not likely to know. What is the best way the teacher can help them understand the new words? Point to pictures that depict the words A teacher is asking English learners (ELs) to relate to a vocabulary word by sharing their personal experiences, thoughts, and ideas with it. Which scaffolding strategy best describes what the teacher is using? Tap into prior knowledge Students want to convey the meaning of a vocabulary word with a hands-on demonstration. Which demonstration is the best example of that? Acting with pantomime in a group A teacher gives English learner (EL) students story maps, a Venn diagram, and a cause-and-effect sheet to use when expressing comprehension of colonization.Which term identifies these resources? Graphic organizers After finishing a unit about a famous explorer, a teacher asks English learner (EL) students to make a poster about a famous explorer. Which instructional practice is the teacher using to support language development? Scaffolding Two teachers are part of a Sheltered Instruction model. One teacher tends to shout instructions at the students as well as the co-teacher. Why is it important for this teacher to use an appropriate tone with the students and co-teacher? People are more encouraged by and respond better to communication that is open, positive, and pleasant. A student will be receiving an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for the upcoming school year. Which person or group should be part of the planning team to make it successful? The student's parents Which IEP meeting stakeholder will give insight into a student's classroom performance? A general education teacher A teacher asks prescreened and authorized community members to become mentors to students in the classroom. Is the teacher using an effective method for building community and school partnerships? Yes, because involving members of the community will increase knowledge about and investment in the school. A teacher wants more parents to attend parent-teacher meetings. Which strategy should the teacher use to encourage participation? Acknowledge the hard work it takes to attend and encourage future participation Manifestation Determination When a child's misbehavior is caused by her disability. In this case there would be a process called ADA This civil rights law prohibits disability discrimination by schools, employers, and anyone who offers goods and services to the public. Covers ALL ages Section 504 This civil rights law prohibits disability discrimination at schools that get federal funding. Schools meet these requirements by removing barriers to learning. IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (a FEDERAL EDUCATION LAW) Requires public schools to meet the unique needs of eligible K-12 students with disabilities. Schools do this by providing services. This law provides IEPs has eight main principles Child find/zero reject Nondiscriminatory evaluation Individualized education program (IEP) Free appropriate public education (FAPE) Least restrictive environment (LRE) Related services Parent participation Confidentiality IDEIA Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act One of the most important changes of IDEIA was to clarify provisions for non-English speaking students. Further clarifications were made by Congress to specify additional wording to develop stronger IEPs Title III - ESEA The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was first passed in 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This major education bill was created in response to the growing need for the Federal Government to improve the quality of education for low-income students across the United States. Three things to know when it comes to English Learners and immigrant Students Better Testing: English learners to test in the language that will provide the most accurate results. Students can do this for up to three years after enrolling in a language instruction program More Parent Communication Parents must be brought into the English language instruction process sooner ESSA requires parent notification within 10 days of identification or 14 if enrolled mid-year English Learners with cognitive disabilities EL with significant cognitive disabilities can take computer based assessments to monitor progress. This allows testing to be done by functional ability rather than proficiency by grade level. MTSS is a framework that many schools use to provide targeted support to struggling students. The goal is to intervene early so students can catch up with their peers. It screens all kids and aims to address behavioral as well as academic issues. helps teachers identify students who require extra support or targeted intervention early and to determine whether instruction is effective. This helps teachers to better determine the difference between students who need additional instruction and students who require more support or services through special education. The most common MTSS behavior framework is positive behavior intervention support (PBIS). Gifted Learners UDL (Universal Design for Learning) began in the 1970s as a concept for creating products and buildings that could be used by everyone, regardless of age, ability, or other factors. Rather a way of thinking about students, instruction, and curriculum to create learning experiences that work for everyone in your classroom. Minimizes barriers and maximizes learning for students UDL recognizes variability in: Engagement-the WHY of learning, which aligns with affective networks: interest, effort, and persistence, and self regulation Motivation for students to learn Representation-the WHAT of learning, which aligns with recognition networks: perception, language, language and symbols, and comprehension Information to your students as they work to develop disciplinary knowledge Action & Expression-the HOW of learning, which aligns with strategic networks-physical action, expression and communication, and executive function 5 examples of a UDL in a classroom Posted lesson goals Assignment options Flexible seating Regular feedback Digital and audio text Differentiated Instruction Explicit Instruction Systematic Instruction Progress Monitoring Person-First Language Achievement Gap The achievement gap is the gap that exists in test scores between groups of people. The achievement gap is also seen in the difference between college graduations between different groups of people. Performance on tests Access to key opportunities (advanced math, physics, higher education, etc) Attainment (high school diploma, college degree, employment) Cultural Identity Cultural identity is the unique way in which an individual person weaves together aspects of the multiple overlapping cultures to which he or she belongs. cultural identity relates to the action on and execution of those beliefs and customs through an individual person. Culturally Responsive Teaching Stephen Krashen's Theories of Second Language Acquisition Jim Cummins's Theories (BICS, CALP) Basic Interpersonal Communication and we call that the playground language, the social langage. Acquire in 1-3 years Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (content language for them to be successful in a content class). Acquire in 5-7 years Stages of Language Acquisition pre-production- this is also called "silent period", when the student takes in the new language but does not speak it. This period often lasts 6 weeks or longer early production-the individual beings to speak using short words and sentences, but the emphasis is still on listening and absorbing the new language. There will be many errors. speech emergence-speech becomes more frequent, words and sentences are longer, but the individual still relies heavily on context clues and familiar topics. Vocab continues to increase and errors being to decrease, especially in common or repeated interactions. intermediate fluency-communicating in the second language is fluent, especially in social language situations. The individual is able to speak almost fluently in new situations or in academic areas, but there will be gaps in vocab knowledge and some unknown expressions. There are very few errors, and the individual is able to demonstrate higher order thinking skills in the second language such as offering an opinion or analyzing a problem. advanced fluency-the individual communicates fluently in all contexts and can maneuver successfully in new contexts and when exposed to new academic information. At this stage, the individual may still have an accent and use idiomatic expressions incorrectly at times, but the individual is essentially fluent and comfortable communicating in the second language. WIDA Language Proficiency Levels English language proficiency levels: Level 1 . Entering. Level 2 . Emerging. Level 3 . Developing. Level 4 . Expanding. Level 5 . Bridging. Level 6 . Reaching. Program Models for ELs Strategies for Family Engagement IEP Meetings Communication with Parents Collaboration with Teachers & Paraprofessionals IEP governed by a Special Education Law To qualify for this, you have to have one of 13 specified conditions or disabilities that are written in the laws It has to affect the child's performance in the classroom 504 Plan Child needs to have a disability that is getting in the way of his learning in the general education classroom. Does Not need specialized instruction, but needs some changes to get benefit from his education the same as others in the classroom governed under a Civil Rights Law pull out instruction a type of program model in which an English language teacher works with ELs in small groups to provide English language instruction, pulling them out of their regular classroom to do so. services typically happen in a setting outside the general education classroom. Which resource is provided by Section 504? Accommodations or modifications due to a disability Both IDEA and Title III would require the school to work proactively to communicate with student family and involve them in her educational planning. Both laws emphasize the importance of families in planning and monitoring a student's progress. In fact, if the student is found eligible for special education services, the student's Individualized Education Program (IEP) cannot be developed without their family's consent. What is one type of English language instruction program or model for ELs? Pullout instruction Pullout instruction a type of program model in which an English language teacher works with ELs in small groups to provide English language instruction, pulling them out of their regular classroom to do so. FAPE Free Appropriate Public Education - one of the major principles of IDEA - states all children with disabilities, regardless of the type or severity of their disability, shall receive a free appropriate public education provided at public's expense - IEP must be developed to meet each child's unique needs ELs are not initially required to take all the state proficiency tests that native speakers of English are required to take, and their scores may not count in the same way that the scores of native English speakers count. PBIS Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Implementation framework for maximizing the selection and use of evidence-based prevention and intervention practices along a multi-tiered continuum that supports the academic, social, emotional, and behavioral competence of all students. i. Tier 1: Universal practices are experienced by all students and educators across all settings to establish a predictable, consistent, positive and safe climate ii. Tier 2: Targeted practices are designed for groups of students who need more structure, feedback, instruction and support than Tier 1 alone iii. Tier 3: Indicated practices are more intense and individualized to meet the push in services happen in the general education classroom. The general education teacher, special education teacher and others (like speech therapists or occupational therapists) work collaboratively. cummin BICS-basic Interpersonal Communication and we call that the playground language, the social language. Acquire in 1-3 years ELs can typically use context clues in understanding BICS and may have more background knowledge about the topics CALP-cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (content language for them to be successful in a content class). Acquire in 5-7 years Krashen second language acquisition affective filter hypothesis (Krashen) The theory that a student's state of mind and emotional well-being can impact availability for language learning is called the students are less available to learn language (or content) if they are in a stressed, unmotivated, or affectively unhealthy frame of mind acquisition-learning hypothesis (Krashen) two independent systems of foreign language performance: 'the acquired system' and 'the learned system'. 'acquisition' is the product of a subconscious process very similar to the process children undergo when they acquire their first language. It requires meaningful interaction in the target language - natural communication - learning" is the product of formal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge 'about' the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. Monitor hypothesis (Krashen) The 'monitor' acts in a planning, editing and correcting function when three specific conditions are met: Input hypothesis (Krashen) learner improves and progresses along the 'natural order' when he/she receives second language 'input' that is one step beyond his/her current stage of linguistic competence. Affective Filter hypothesis (Krashen) claims that learners with high motivation, self-confidence, a good self-image, a low level of anxiety and extroversion are better equipped for success in second language acquisition. FERPA-The Family Educational Rights & Privacy purpose is to protect the privacy of parents and students with regard to education records under section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act Applies to most schools, colleges, and universities. Meant to protect all that identifiable information about students in records that are kept by schools and it provides the right for you to access that information, to seek to correct it and generally to consent to its disclosure Sheltered Immersion (ELs) Focus on integrating language and content instruction English Immersion (ELs) Focused on developing English proficiency The focus is on learning language rather than content, and the small group environment really is conducive to doing so. Students are in an all-EL classroom where they receive English and content instruction