VME3001 Exam 1,2&3 With Correct Solutions

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Suborder, Family of canids - Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae species found in what is now SW TX, resembles canids - Prohespercyon wilsoni canidae subfamilies - - hesperocyoninae - borophaginae - caninae hesperocyoninae - - earliest branch of canidae - extinct borophaginae - - earliest animal of canidae found in this subfamily - N. America caninae - - ONLY living subfamily canidae found on every continent except: - Antartica lupus familiaris reclassification of domestic dog as Canis lupus familiaris instead of Canis familiaris result of studies on: - - behavior - vocalizations - morphology - molecular biology domestication of dogs occurred years ago during the - 30,000; Upper Paleolithic Archaeology "eras" - Stone Age -Paleolithic era (lower --- middle -- upper) - mesolithic era -neolithic era Bronze Age Iron Age Upper paleolithic - - earliest remains of organized human settlements - before agriculture ~30,000 years ago - - earliest skull remains of dog found in Belgium cave - resembles siberian husky and shepherds theories on start of domestication of dogs: - - hunters "adopted" wolf pups - wolf packs grew comfortable w/ humans natural selection - best adapted individuals survive and reproduce - cause changes in allele frequencies in populations genetic drift - random changes in frequency of alleles - leads to evolution (happens in POPULATIONS) oldest groups of dogs/ most related to wolves/ greatest genetic variability - asian and african breeds (Akita, Basenji) first evidence of a dog breed - ~5,000 years ago in Egyptian artwork saluki - - one of oldest known breeds - Bedouin tribes - hunting, not to kill prey - lanky pekingnese - - written standard for what it should look like - ~2-3000 years ago papillon - - 150-400 years ago, 1500s - Europe during this time period, there were more people (middle class) that were owning and breeding dogs - Industrial revolution why is dog breeding "extreme" when compared to other domesticated animals? - tandem repeats (short pieces of repeated DNA) -- high mutation rates longer lifespans + genetic predisposition leads to - increased rates of cancer cancer accounts for the deaths of pets 10 years or older - 1/2 cancer risk factors - - breed - age - gender - environ. metastisis - spread and establishment of cancer cells to distant areas