BIOD 121 (Portage) Module 4 2023
Vitamins Ans- Organic compounds required in small amounts that regulate and support body processes
Essential vitamins Ans- Found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized.
Enrichment Ans- Adding lost nutrients, from milling and proc...
BIOD 121 (Portage) Module 4 2023
Vitamins Ans- Organic compounds required in small amounts that regulate and support body processes
Essential vitamins Ans- Found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized.
Enrichment Ans- Adding lost nutrients, from milling and processing, back into the final product.
Fortification Ans- Supplementing a product with additional vitamins not normally found in the product
Fat-soluble Ans- Dependent on dietary fat for absorption; stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Xeropthalmia Ans- Abnormal dryness due to a vitamin A deficiency
Retinal Ans- Helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light.
Antioxidant Ans- Inhibits oxidation via stopping substances (oxidants) from causing damage to cells.
Vitamin D Ans- Vitamin and a hormone that regulates calcium levels and bone metabolism.
Rickets Ans- Poor mineralization of bone due to inadequate calcium deposits. Characterized by bowed
legs.
Osteomalcia Ans- Inadequate calcium absorption and deposition in the bones of adults which leads to
soft bones
Osteoporosis Ans- With age, bone mass decreases, bones thin and become porous.
Vitamin E Ans- Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from free radicals.
, Tocopherol Ans- Chemical name of Vitamin E
Free radicals Ans- Alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes, and increase the risk for cancer.
Vitamin K Ans- Involved in the process of coagulation (blood clotting)
Water-soluble vitamins Ans- Absorbed into the blood stream and easily dissolve in water.
Coenzymes Ans- Small molecules that bind to inactive enzymes and, once bound, cause the enzyme to
become active.
Bioavailability Ans- The amount of a vitamin that is absorbed and available to the body. (high=50-90%)
Thiamin (B1) Ans- Works with enzymes to promote metabolism of glucose. (converts carbs to energy)
Beriberi: Ans- Thiamin-deficiency disease; loss of sensation in the hands and feet, muscular weakness,
advancing paralysis, and abnormal heart action
Riboflavin (B2): Ans- Antioxidant necessary for vitamin and mineral metabolism, and used during energy
metabolism (requires oxygen).
Ariboflavinosis Ans- Riboflavin deficiency (rare)
glossitis- inflammation of tongue
cheilosis- cracks around mouth
sun sensitivity
confusion
Niacin (B3) Ans- Nicotinic acid or Nicotinamide.
Releases energy from carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Can be made from tryptophan.
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