Economics summary
Chapter 1: Economics and the business environment
Economics= study of allocation of scarce resources to competing uses and study of
how decision-making units make choices.
Economics has 4 basic questions:
What to produce and how much? How to produce? For whom to produce? Who
makes economic decisions?
Positive economics= descriptive: What is or what will be?
If minimum wage increases, how many workers will be laid off?
If two firms merge, will the price of their good increase?
If taxes are cut, what fraction of the tax cut will be spent on consumer
spending?
If a nation restricts imports, what is the effect on domestic producers and
consumers?
If the euro depreciates in value, will US exports be competitive?
Normative economics= prescriptive: What should be or ought to be?
Should government raise the minimum wage?
Should government subsidize innovation?
Should agricultural support be abolished?
Should a nation reduce the size of government?
Should government cut taxes to stimulate the economy?
Should the country allow more immigrants?
Two broad fields of economics:
1. Microeconomics= study of the behaviour of individual decision- making units in
the economy such as firms, consumers, government.
2. Macroeconomics= study of collective results of individual decision- making
units as measured by economic aggregates (GNP), the price level,
employment rate.
Use of microeconomic analysis:
To understand markets and predict changes
Will a tax on alcohol reduce traffic accidents?
Will the merger of KLM with Air France reduce air- fares?
To make personal and managerial decisions
Should you resign from your job to open up an Internet café?
Should a firm sell at a bargain of 50% to get rid of old inventory?
To evaluate public policies
Should drug patents be shortened?
Should government abolish agricultural subsidies?
Use of macroeconomic analysis:
To understand why economies grow
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Marlllon. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.25. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.