Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions with complete top solutions

Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions with complete top solutions Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? Ribosome Why is yeast used to make bread rise? Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide How is mitosis different from meiosis? Meiosis creates sex cells with half the # of chromosomes of the parent cell where as mitosis creates cells that are exact copies of each other, down to the number of chromosomes What can be altered? DNA What is single stranded? RNA What contains uracil? RNA What codes for proteins? DNA Imagine that two parents both carry the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis. Any homozygous recessive offspring will manifest the disease. What percentage of the offspring is predicted to be carriers but not manifest the disease? 50 percent A cell is in a solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside the cell. What would you expect to happen to the cell? It will swell and probably burst/hypotonic situation What is the purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems? It conducts food throughout the plant, it is the system of narrow tubes that transports sugars and other nutrients Physical factors such as temperature and pH can alter enzyme activity because they have an effect on the enzyme's Shape, the shape of an enzyme controls it's fit with its substrate. Which part of a plants reproductive system is of a different gender than others? Stamen (male reproductive organ) What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human? Parasitism, one organism benefits off another The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. This indicates the house cats what? Genus; species Kingdom/animalia Phylum/Chordata Class/mammalia Order/carnivora Family/felidae Genus/ Felis Species/catus Beeswax is an example of what kind of molecule? Lipid, waxes oils and fats are lipids What takes place in a lysosome? Food is digested, the lysosome contains digestive enzymes. The job of a lysosome is to digest food for cells and break down cells waste products Which organism reproduces via binary fission? Salmonella In which phase of cell division do the chromosomes replicate? Interphase-active phase of a cells reproductive life, the cell produces nucleic acids and proteins and doubled its # of chromosomes In a strand of DNA, you would expect to see adenine paired with? Thymine/adenine Cytosine/guanine Hemophilia is a sex linked trait carried on the X chromosome. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring is predicted to have the disease? 1 female: 0 male What is represented by this formula 6CO2+6H2O=C6H12O6+6O2 Photosynthesis, carbon dioxide pairing with water to form a simple sugar and oxygen 3 students measured the mass of a product of combustion. They recorded measurements of 5.14g 5.16g and 5.17g if the known mass of the product is 5.30g how would you describe the students measurements? Precise What is the energy pyramid? Producersprimary consumerssecondary consumersdecomposers Which is not a step in the water cycle? Nitrification(nitrogen cycle) Steps Condensation(gas to liquid) Transpiration(loss of water through a plants stomata) Absorption(intake of water from the water table by plant roots) Why do we perceive chlorophyll as green? It fails to absorb green light Absorbs red and blue reflects green Why are bacteria and blue green algae often classified together? Both are prokaryotes have no true nucleus Which molecule contains glucose? Carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates are simple sugars, complex carbohydrates are simple sugars linked with covalent bonds What conducts water up through the stem of a plant? Xylem What are the female parts of a plant? Pistil (female reproductive organ) Stigma (top part of pistil) Style (slender stalk below the stigma) Vascular plants whose seeds have no protective covering? Gymnosperms Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis example blue-green algae Autotrophs Infectious organisms that spread disease Pathogens Which organelle is the site of energy production? Mitochondrion What happens to glucose during glycolysis? It splits into molecules of pyruvic acid What process do cells in the tip of a plants roots undergo to increase in number? Mitosis How do RNA and DNA derive their names? From the sugar each contains If a disease is carried on the dominant allele, only the aa combination of recessive genes represents a disease free offspring. 1 out of 4 or 25% are predicted to be disease free If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called? Osmosis, because if cells are placed in a very salty solution, water molecules can diffuse across the cell membrane to move water from an area of greater concentration of water molecules (inside the cells) to an area with a lesser concentration of water molecules(the solution of salt water) Which animal has an open transport system? Grasshopper How does an enzyme work on a chemical reaction that occurs in a substrate? An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction, because enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions. They do this by lowering the amount of energy needed to begin the reaction. Where is the ovary located in a flowering plant? Pistil Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit Mutualism, both species receive mutual benefit Which gives the order of four taxonomic categories from least to most specific? Kingdom phylum class order family genus species Which molecules contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? Carbohydrates and lipids Which structure is found in Protists but not in monerans? Golgi apparatus How does yeast reproduce? Budding What takes place during anaphase? Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle