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Disorders of Absorption - GI system

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A summary on the classification of absorption disorders and causes.

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  • June 5, 2016
  • 2
  • 2015/2016
  • Class notes
  • Unknown
  • L no.19
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Disorders of Absorption

Malabsorption - Failure of the intestinal processes of digestion, transport, or
both of nutrients across the intestinal mucosa into the systemic circulation

Malnutrition - A deficiency of nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins and
minerals causes measurable adverse effects on tissue composition, function or
clinical outcome

Intestinal failure - A reduction in the functioning gut mass below the amount
required for adequate digestion and absorption of food. Types:

 Type 1 – self limiting
o E.g. ileus after surgery

 Type 2 – severe and requiring temporary support
o E.g. major resection, sepsis

 Type 3 – chronic requiring long term nutritional support
o E.g. small bowel infarction

Mechanisms of absorption:

 Luminal processing – carbohydrates, fats and proteins hydrolysed and
solubilised.

 Mucosal absorption - Uptake of saccharides and peptides, lipids
processed and packaged for cellular export.

 Transfer into circulation – Absorbed nutrients enter the vascular or
lymphatic circulation.

Where absorption can go wrong:

 Luminal processing
o Surgery – inadequate mixing
o Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
o Cholestasis – inadequate bile
 Mucosal absorption
o Brush border defects – coeliac
o Inflammation – Crohn's disease
 Transfer into circulation
o Lymphatic disease - lymphangiectasia
o Enterocyte processing – abetalipoproteinaemia

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