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Normal Flora & Gastroenteritis
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A summary of Normal Flora & Gastroenteritis.
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Normal Flora & GastroenteritisMetabolic:
Fermentation of non-digestible dietary residue and gut mucus
Salvage of energy as short-chain fatty acids
Production of vitamin K
Trophic:
Control of epithelial cell proliferation & differentiation
Development & maintenance of the immune system
Protective:
Protection against pathogens (barrier effect)
Causative Agents of Gastroenteritis:
Viral – Rota virus, Noro virus, Adenovirus, Astro
Bacterial – Campylobacter, E. coli, Shigella spp. Salmonella spp. Vibrio
cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica etc.
Parasitic – Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia Cryptosporidium
parvum
Mechanisms of Gastroenteritis:
Toxins
o Enterotoxins eg V. cholerae, S. aureus (non-inflammatory)
o Cytotoxins eg Shigella, E.coli 0157, C. difficile (inflammatory)
Attachment eg EPEC (non- inflammatory)
Direct Invasion eg Salmonella, Shigella (penetrating)
Impaired reabsorption eg Viruses, Parasites
Types of Escherichia. Coli that cause gastroenteritis:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
o Major cause of infant and traveller’s diarrhoea
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
o Diarrhoea in the tropics
o Little importance in industrialised countries
Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC)
o Zoonosis
o Haemolytic ureamic syndrome
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
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