Biochemistry C785 Module 1 (Answered) 2022/2023

Biochemistry C785 Module 1 (Answered) 2022/2023 What is translation? Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase DNA primers in PCR are needed to? a initiate synthesis of the new DNA molecule dNTPs are the building blocks of DNA DNA polymerase III adds bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes Excision Repair locates and repairs incorrect sequence by removing a segment of the DNA and then adding the correct nucleotides Base Excision Repair (BER) is what DNA repair that first excises modified bases and then replaces the entire nucleotide mismatch repair does what repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing homologous recombination repairs what kind of breaks double strand breaks Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is what kind of repair used to repair deletions, insertions and helix-distorting lesions, thymine dimers complete dominance a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another incomplete dominance Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele Codominance A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. franeshift mutation a single base is added or deleted from DNA What is a nonsense mutation? A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein. What is a silent mutation? alters a base but does not change the amino acid missense mutation A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. Epigenetics the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Epigenetic repression