Class notes
Lecture notes biomedical sciences/life sciences
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First year and second year notes to help with exams including diagrams and annotations with colour coded to understand easily.
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Classification and natural selection(Mutations)
Classification is about grouping together organisms on the basis of
features they have in common.
Taxonomy = The study of classification of life.
Nomenclature = Various names given to a specific field of study accordingly.
Classifying organisms is important because it
makes them easier to study and identify them.
Example:
Family=felidae (all cats) Kingdom = Animalia
-
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Species = Leo (lions)
Class= mammalia
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Woo
Genus =( great cats)
Order = carnivore (meat-eater)
Phylum = vertebrate animals
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
The groups are hierchal: largest to smallest Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
, Taxonomy
-Each organism is sorted into the highest level of taxon (domain)
-The related organisms are sorted into smaller groups starting with
kingdom and ending with species.
In 1990 3 domains were proposed by Carl Woese, this was based on 16S rRNA.
Bacteria (half of prokaryota)
Archaea (the other half of the prokaryota)
Eukarya ( Protista, fungi,plantae, animalia)
These are the 3 domains of life on Earth.
Species
- The last and most specific taxon is species
- This taxon has the smallest groups as they only contain one
type of organism.
Species are a group of organisms with similar characteristics that are
able to interbreed to give fertile offsprings.
Problematic definitions
When a horse and a donkey interbreed, they create a mule.
A horse has chromosomes, whereas a donkey has 62.
This means that the offspring (mule) will have 63 chromosomes.
When the chromosomes line up in homologous pairs in meiosis
- there won't be a pair for all of them as It’s an odd number.
This means meiosis cannot be completed.
This means no gametes are produced.
Which means the mule is infertile.
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