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Lecture notes of classification natural selection
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Chapter of natural selection and classification covering it, annotated to help understand and colour coded to help know key points.
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Principal Biological MoleculesWhat are biological molecules?
A biological Molecule is a molecule that is present inside a
living organism.
Biological molecules contain many carbon aroma combined with
atoms of other elements.
Biological molecules include large macromolecules such as carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
They can often be detected using physical or chemical tests.
Molecular Structures
O
Mon
N
Water I
C 8-
NA
S
N
Op N
octe
O-
Lipids "g O
CHe
-
- HN
O
3
N
G O
Gary
oP OCHe
O
8-
4 NH 2
C
R O
⑧
N
H
O
1 I Protein S 8 N
C P
acheo
C
O
C -
o
-
I ↳
H 6 Off
Off
on
H 2
Carbohydrates Nucleic acid
Carbon Atom · -
&
Carbon is a key component of all known life on earth. -
:L
:
It is an organic molecule. -
·
<
Carbon atom can form covalent bunds (4) with other
Carbon atoms very easily which allows them to form chains
of various lengths. 6 electrons
This forms a “backbone” of carbon atoms to which other 6 neutrons
atoms can then attach.
6 protons
, Carbon molecules
This 'backbone' allows lots of different types and sizes of molecules to
form in organisms. The Carbon backbone can be found as a:
Straight Carbon chain (eg. butane)
H
# H
↓I H
H c C C H
The Variety of lite on earth is
H H because living organisms are
based on the very versatile carbon
If atom.
Lite is therefore based on a small
number of chemical elements
Branched Carbon chains that can attach to Carbon, and
carbon itself.
Heh,
C-C-H
A
h
G
The six more common elements in
living organisms are: Carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
#
Ai d, H phosphorus and sulpher
Ring compounds(Cyclopentane)
H H
C
H H
a c
H H
C C
H A
H H
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