Biology Keystone Review Exam 2023 with complete
solution
Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells?
A. The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic cells indicates that they
are more complex than eukaryotic cells.
B. The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than
eukaryotic cells.
C. The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they
are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
D. The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than
prokaryotic cells.
C
Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes
and eukaryotes?
A. ability to store hereditary information
B. use of organelles to control cell processes
C. use of cellular respiration for energy release
D. ability to move in response to environmental
stimuli
A
1.2.1Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes
or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common
to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. cell wall and nucleus
B. cell wall and chloroplast
C. plasma membrane and nucleus
D. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
D
Which statement best describes an effect of the
low density of frozen water in a lake?
A. When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing
the water level in a lake.
B. Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up,
killing most aquatic organisms.
C. When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing
insulation for organisms below.
D. Water removes thermal energy from the land
around a lake, causing the lake to freeze
C
Which statement correctly describes how carbon's
ability to form four bonds makes it uniquely suited
to form macromolecules?
A. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
,B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms.
D. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a
single plane
B
Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of
macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of
proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?
A. large amount of stored information
B. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
D. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic
B
Substance A is converted to substance B in a
metabolic reaction. Which statement best
describes the role of an enzyme during this
reaction?
A. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
B. It provides energy to carry out the reaction.
C. It dissolves substance A in the reaction
medium.
D. It speeds up the reaction without being
consumed.
D
A scientist observes that, when the pH of the
environment surrounding an enzyme is changed,
the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly
decreases. Which statement best describes
how a change in pH can affect an enzyme?
A. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change
its shape.
B. A pH change can remove energy necessary to
activate an enzyme.
C. A pH change can add new molecules to the
structure of the enzyme.
D. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react
with a different substrate.
A
Using a microscope, a student observes a small,
green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy
transformation most likely occurs first within the
observed organelle?
A. ATP to light
B. light to chemical
, C. heat to electrical
D. chemical to chemical
B
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two
major processes of carbon cycling in living
organisms. Which statement correctly describes
one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
A. Both occur in animal and plant cells.
B. Both include reactions that transform energy.
C. Both convert light energy into chemical energy.
D. Both synthesize organic molecules as end
products
B
A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions
against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the
protein as an energy source?
A. ATP
B. ADP
C. catalase
D. amylase
A
A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and
potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does
not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these
materials across a cell membrane?
A. Sodium and potassium ions move by active
transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.
B. Sodium and potassium ions move by active
transport, and glucose moves by facilitated
diffusion.
C. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated
diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis.
D. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated
diffusion, and glucose moves by active
transport.
B
The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is
one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum
assists the Golgi apparatus?
A. It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.
B. It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.
C. It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.
D. It determines which protein molecules to
synthesize.
solution
Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells?
A. The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic cells indicates that they
are more complex than eukaryotic cells.
B. The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than
eukaryotic cells.
C. The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they
are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
D. The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than
prokaryotic cells.
C
Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes
and eukaryotes?
A. ability to store hereditary information
B. use of organelles to control cell processes
C. use of cellular respiration for energy release
D. ability to move in response to environmental
stimuli
A
1.2.1Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes
or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common
to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. cell wall and nucleus
B. cell wall and chloroplast
C. plasma membrane and nucleus
D. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
D
Which statement best describes an effect of the
low density of frozen water in a lake?
A. When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing
the water level in a lake.
B. Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up,
killing most aquatic organisms.
C. When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing
insulation for organisms below.
D. Water removes thermal energy from the land
around a lake, causing the lake to freeze
C
Which statement correctly describes how carbon's
ability to form four bonds makes it uniquely suited
to form macromolecules?
A. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
,B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms.
D. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a
single plane
B
Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of
macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of
proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?
A. large amount of stored information
B. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
D. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic
B
Substance A is converted to substance B in a
metabolic reaction. Which statement best
describes the role of an enzyme during this
reaction?
A. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
B. It provides energy to carry out the reaction.
C. It dissolves substance A in the reaction
medium.
D. It speeds up the reaction without being
consumed.
D
A scientist observes that, when the pH of the
environment surrounding an enzyme is changed,
the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly
decreases. Which statement best describes
how a change in pH can affect an enzyme?
A. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change
its shape.
B. A pH change can remove energy necessary to
activate an enzyme.
C. A pH change can add new molecules to the
structure of the enzyme.
D. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react
with a different substrate.
A
Using a microscope, a student observes a small,
green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy
transformation most likely occurs first within the
observed organelle?
A. ATP to light
B. light to chemical
, C. heat to electrical
D. chemical to chemical
B
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two
major processes of carbon cycling in living
organisms. Which statement correctly describes
one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
A. Both occur in animal and plant cells.
B. Both include reactions that transform energy.
C. Both convert light energy into chemical energy.
D. Both synthesize organic molecules as end
products
B
A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions
against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the
protein as an energy source?
A. ATP
B. ADP
C. catalase
D. amylase
A
A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and
potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does
not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these
materials across a cell membrane?
A. Sodium and potassium ions move by active
transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.
B. Sodium and potassium ions move by active
transport, and glucose moves by facilitated
diffusion.
C. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated
diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis.
D. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated
diffusion, and glucose moves by active
transport.
B
The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is
one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum
assists the Golgi apparatus?
A. It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.
B. It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.
C. It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.
D. It determines which protein molecules to
synthesize.
