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Transiciones de Fase

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Incluye la teoría necesaria para comprender las transiciones de fase y poder calcular las magnitudes termodinámicas en los distintos estados en los que se puede encontrar la sustancia.

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  • February 18, 2023
  • 6
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Isabel pérez grande
  • All classes
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TEMA
J.EQUILIBRIO TERMODINAMICO. TRANSICIONES FASE
DE




En el equilibrio la temperatura la
/ pression son uniformes.



Estudiaremos el Podraencontrarse en distintas faces.
aqua




POTENCIAL QUYMICE


u u(S,V,Ns..., Nn)
=




M


DU = OU dS +6U dV+ SUdNi
i 12N
=




US
2V
v,N

T
, 1
N hil potencial quimic.
hi 2V,,,n,Nii
=




+1




TG DEEULER DE LAS FUNCIONES HOMO GENEAS


1(xX7,1X2,... XXx) x*x(x,,..., X1) Funcion homogenea
=




&x= +8Xi + decalwere




DU = -udS
2S
v,N
2UdV+.btdNi
+




OVs,N
+ u TS-pV+
=

hiv is Tiene importancia en los cambios de face




dUTASTSKT pAVdp MidNixNidui SKTXdp Niquis
+
s Ecuacion de Sibbs Duhem




ni-oUsNsi N
dA =GIt
SPT pdV +
MidNi 86
- -
= =


2N;
TNisi oNisipNis T,P,Njj +1
+
(H TdS =
1dp
+




MidNi

d6 5dT
xdpt. MidNi
=
- +




1




PRINCIPIO DE MAXIMA ENTROPIA


1, . , . /




" *
se conserva el volumen la energia.
T -
AT T 1T+




Desplazamiento virtual compatible conlas ligaduras.
,
, , , , , , , , , , ,
SSuivs Silo sacamos del equilibria la variacion de entropia virtual as
negativa SSuivo

1,.,...1 / (



Y
N




"
5 v (te
T =




/ u cte
E) desplazamiento tiene queser arbitrariaments
F
=




,
" pequent parque sing podriamos in astro maxims.
, , , , , ,, , ,,, , ,
-P:Desequilibrio
deg;T 0
=

, PRINCIPIO DE MINIMA ENERGIA



Para cnalquier desplazamiento virtual del sistema manteniendo constantes S.V la variacion virtual de energia as positiva.

sus.VTo Losotros potenciales termodinamics se compartan como la energia interna.


Los dos principios son equivalentes.

SATiV+8 las variables decada potencial termodinamico es fundamental be comprender.
8Hs,p 8
=




-64.p 8
+




PROPIEDADES TERMODINAMICAS EN EL EQUILIBRIO



b)
Equilibrio termico+ mecanico.




*
Principiodemaxima entropicnluj, K


Vs Nil maxima



n uj
=

- cte; v vj ste =
-




Multiplicadores de
Lagrange:

1 0+ u+
=




πV=Sj(uj,Vj,Nj) + xuj + ivj

21 21 a6i
2U;
0
=
+ - + x 0 =
=
4j -

fjites uniforme
viiNj
6Uj
viNg OUS YN
1
duj TidSj PjdXj
= - +
MijdNij =
uj =




Tj

21 21 a5i
-0 4 8
1 1270 4j =x4j tPesuniforme
+ +
=
+ =
- + =



GV; 2V; 2V;
uj, Nj uj,Nj




c)
Equilibrio termico+ mecanico + composicion




*
Principiodemaximaentropicrates is...... a s
=,6; (uj, Vy: Nill maxima



n uj -=


cte; v vjocte;
=

Ni =
=Nis-se In ligaduras

Multiplicadores de
Lagrange:

1 -
+ xu +


kV+Ni =sj(yj,vj Ns) xuj x=0xNij +
+




21 21 a6i x 0 =4j fj Tesuniforme
+ -
0
=
+ - = =


2Uj G4j OUS
viiNj viNj viN

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