Contains a comprehensive summary, illustrations (where applicable) and additional notes/resources related to the topic.
Contains notes from: Psychology - An Introduction (Paperback, 4th ed) L. Swartz, C. De la Rey, N. Duncan, L Townsend, V. O'Neill
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Critical Thinking
Created @March 2, 2022 3:28 PM
Class PHIL1003A
Type Neat Notes
Materials
Reviewed
What Is Philosophy?
Philia - love
Sophia - wisdom
(Ancient Greek/Egyptian)
therefore philosophy = The love of wisdom
critical study of ideas, beliefs and explanations
Thinking slowly - picking apart ideas
Systematically asking questions
the search to understand reality and values, systematically.
Critical Thinking
consider relevant information only
emotions not central to the argument
Critical Thinking 1
, focus solely on facts/evidence
judgements grounded by said facts.
Arguments
(not quarrelling or fighting)
When someone tries to persuade you to believe something using premises
no premises → assertion, not an argument
assertion + premise → argument
Arguments are made up of assertions - aka propositions - that have a truth value (are
true or false)
Therefore an Argument is only an argument iff:
Not an empty set of propositions
Someone intends that the conclusion be supported by one or more of the premises
Every proposition is either the conclusion or the premise
Two or more propositions in a sentence form a compound proposition
Propositions/Assertions: Thought of as being true or false. Different
from a question. More like a statement
Truth Value: the attribute assigned to a proposition in respect of its
truth or falsehood, which in classical logic has only two possible
values (true or false).
Critical Thinking 2
, Incipient: Beginning to happen or develop
Premise: a previous statement or proposition from which another is
inferred or follows as a conclusion.
Premises & Conclusions
Premise
Premises support arguments iff:
a) they guarantee the conclusion is true or
b) make the truth of the conclusion more probably than not
non-deductive arguments meet requirement b, not a
How propositions enter arguments >
Premise: Expresses something that is assumed to be true or taken for granted
Conclusion: Expresses where the proposition leads
Premise indicators:
Since
as
inasmuch as
because
for
having established that
in light of this
Critical Thinking 3
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