100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Sociologie Beschrijvende en Inferentiële Statistiek (BIS) Samenvatting $7.12   Add to cart

Summary

Sociologie Beschrijvende en Inferentiële Statistiek (BIS) Samenvatting

 10 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Ik heb alle modules van Jasper Muis op canvas helemaal overgetyped. Dit fungeert als een heldere samenvatting. Ik heb hier uiteindelijk een 7,5 mee gehaald.

Preview 3 out of 21  pages

  • February 21, 2023
  • 21
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Beschrijvende en infertiele statistiek

0.1. Introductie
Statistiek gaat over hoe er met gegevens (data) omgegaan moet worden
(verzamelen/ordenen, bewerken en interpreteren).

Beschrijvende:
1. Hoe ziet de data eruit?
2. Samenvatten verkregen data.

Infertiele:
1. Wat zeggen de data over de gehele populatie (generaliseren)?
2. Uitspraken, voorspellingen doen over de gehele populatie op basis van
data.

0.2. Statistische concepten

Hoe zien kwantitatieve data eruit en hoe praten we daarover?

Variabelen: eigenschappen van cases die variëren over de verschillende
casus.
Case: ding waar je geïnteresseerd in bent, iets over wil zeggen.

Levels of measurement:
Nominaal & ordinaal zijn categoraal en interval & ratio zijn kwantitatief.




Qualitative values can be:
- Discrete (set of seperate numbers)
- Continuous (infinite region of values)

, 1.1. Data beschrijven

Data matrix: matrix that structures observations about the variables of our
cases (is needed for all statistic analysis).
Data matrix often is huge -> summary of data

Frequentie table shows how the values are distributed over the cases
(frequency of variables).
Sometimes ordinal categories are needed to make frequency tables more
useful -> lose some information for better overview

Bijvoorbeeld
Nominal Ordinal
Weight (kg) Freq % Weight (kg) Freq %
. .
65,3 2 0,5 Less than to 8 2
65,4 1 0,25 60 – 69,9 69 17,2
5
65,5 3 0,50 70 – 79,9 273 68,2
5

Frequenty tables can be used to make informative graphs. For example:
Nominal/ordinal:
- Pie chart
- Bar graph
A high number of categories can make a pie chart hard to understand.
- Dotplot: dots for every case with specific value of variable.
Useful for small samples, with big sample becomes messy or hard to
understand
- Interval/ratio, histogram: bars to portray frequencies of the possible
values of a variable.
Difference bar graph: bars touch – this represents the underlying
continuous scale

Shapes:
- Bell shaped
 Unimodal
- Skewed to the right
- Skewed to the left
- Two peaks -> bimodal

1.2. Maten van centraliteit

As summary it can also be useful to center data.
Centering:
Mode, value that occurs most frequently (often with nominal/ordinal
variable).
Median, middle value of observations when arranged from smallest to
largest (with no middle -> median = average two middle values.
Mean, sum of all values divided by number of observations.

, With nominal variable -> mode is used for centering

When outlier(s) are present in sample, the median can be a more accurate
tool to describe the center of the distribution.
Otherwise go for the mean.

1.3. Maten van variatie

To describe a distribution, we need more than the measures of central
tendency (Two distributions can have the same mode, median and mean
while having different amounts of variation).
Variability = dispersion
Range: highest value – lowest Interquartile range. Distribution in
value (difference) four equal parts, range between Q3
and Q1
+ easy to understand + better impression variability
+ simple to compute + leaves out the extreme values,
not affected by outliers
- Not good impression of + distribution 4 equal parts
variability, only takes
extreme values into account

Boxplot




Q2 = median
Q1= middle value left side of median
Q3= middle value right side of median
IQR= Q3 – Q1

Outlier = Q1- 1,5 x IQR
Q3+1,5 x IQR

Between whiskers is range of data after removing the outliers.

Variance:


Sum of squares
Sample size

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller daniellebruines. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.12. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

79650 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$7.12
  • (0)
  Add to cart