PLTW HBS 3.1-3.2 Review Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+
What are the three resources the body needs to survive? - -oxygen, water, and food
How long can you survive without each of the resources? - -oxygen- 3 minutes
water- 3 days
food- 3 weeks
What role does water play i...
What are the three resources the body needs to survive? - ✔✔-oxygen, water, and food
How long can you survive without each of the resources? - ✔✔-oxygen- 3 minutes
water- 3 days
food- 3 weeks
What role does water play in the human body? - ✔✔-removes bad substances, provides energy, and
temperature balance, water is a carrier, maintains homeostasis
What role does oxygen play in the human body? - ✔✔-cellular respiration-> energy (ATP)
How do personal factors and environmental factors impact the body's ability to survive without the 3
necessary resources? - ✔✔-Personal- weight, how much you sweat, body disorders
Environmental- rigor, temperature, altitude
What are the main functions of the digestive system? - ✔✔-to mechanically and chemically digest food
What is the function of the salivary glands? - ✔✔-produce saliva and keep mouth and other digestive
system parts moist
What is a bolus? - ✔✔-rounded mass of substance
What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the oral cavity? - ✔✔-Mechanical- chewing
Chemical- saliva breaking down food
, What mechanisms are in place to make sure food does not "go down the wrong tube" and into the
windpipe? - ✔✔-epiglottis separates the esophagus from the trachea
What is peristaltic movement and how does it function in the esophagus? - ✔✔-a muscle contraction
that brings food to the esophagus
What is chyme and how does the stomach mix this material? - ✔✔-acidic fluid passing from the stomach
to the small intestine; combines food, enzymes, and gastric fluids
What are sphincters and how are they related to the stomach? - ✔✔-openings in and out of the
stomach
What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the stomach? - ✔✔-Mechanical- churning of food
Chemical- breakdown from gastric acid
What are the 3 sections of the small intestine and what role does each play in digestion or absorption? -
✔✔-First, the duodenum receives partly digested food, acid, and bile. Then the jejunum absorbs
nutrients. Finally, the ileum attaches to the colon; and absorbs vitamin B12.
Where do bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine? - ✔✔-through the duodenum
What enzymes act inside the small intestine and what are the functions of these enzymes? - ✔✔-
Amylase- act on starch and breaks into small carb molecules
Sucrase- breaks down sucrose
Lactase- breaks down lactose
Peptidase- breaks down proteins
Lipase- break down dietary fats into smaller molecules (fatty acids and glycerol)
What role do carbs play in the body? - ✔✔-provide energy
What role do lipids play in the body? - ✔✔-store energy, insulation, myelin on axons
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