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UNIT 4 A - HEALTH AND SAFETY IN SCIENCE ORGANIZATIONS
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H EALTH AND S AFETY IN SCIENCE ORGANIZATIONSHealth and safety are important in to maintain everyone’s safety. When you
are doing experiments in laboratories or completing certain projects, you will
be dealing with a range of different chemicals. Majority of the laboratories
are governed by their own rules and regulations. As the supervision, in my
cases the technicians in my college cannot be available every time there is
an experiment, the safety precautions come down to each individual student,
but of course we have the teachers help. Many of the accidents and
laboratory problems that happen are responsible for being in a rush or for
not following standard procedures. From now on I will be talking about how
certain organisations deal and control hazards, how they organize their
health and safety at workplace such as the equipment, gases, and
chemicals. Laboratory hazards can have a serious consequence if not
handled correctly. Extreme care, attention and caution is always required.
- Hazards in Cosmetics Manufacturing
Respiratory: Cosmetic industries frequently use a numerous ingredient
that may cause many respiratory health risks to employees such as
harmful side effects when exposed for large and continual doses.
Although these ingredients have been shown to be safe for consumer use,
during manufacturing if employees have repeated chronic exposure for a
large amount of time during manufacturing process it can causes safety
concerns especially if there is no proper respiratory protection.
Chemicals such as arsenic, benzene, cadmium and its compounds,
chromium, coal tar, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde and formaldehyde
releasing preservative, minerals oils, phenacetin, silica. Those chemicals
are found in most of the hair, face, lip gloss, lotions, make up products.
They are carcinogens chemicals found in cosmetic products which is used
by almost everyone around the world. Except the carcinogens, there are
the nanomaterials in cosmetics that can be creating a respiratory health
hazard as well. These materials present in the cosmetics create properties
that allow better UV protection, skin penetration, long-lasting effects,
increased colour, and skin rejuvenating effects. Chemicals such as
titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, fullerenes, liposomes, nano emulsions,
nano capsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocrystals.
,Because of the nanoparticles small size, inhalation by employees working
with these materials poses a risk to their respiratory safety. Small
particles ingested and deposited into the lungs are quite easy to inhale. In
fact, titanium dioxide has been identified as a possible human carcinogen.
The National Institute Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is aware of
the dangers of exposure to carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, although no
studies have proven effects in humans.
However, investigations in mice have shown pulmonary inflammation,
fibrosis, intratracheal installation, carcinogenic consequences are all
indicators of developing lung disease. To avoid them from happening the
NIOSH suggest that these nanoparticles must be treated as respiratory
hazards and monitoring exposure to ensure airborne levels are below the
recommend level, which is 1 µg/m3.
Other investigations have revealed that make-up, talcum powder and
bubble baths as potentially dangerous compounds.
To make lipstick and make-up last longer, they may contain
aluminium, a recognised poison in humans.
The most common colouring agent in cosmetics, coal tar dyes, can
cause dermatitis or skin cancer.
Talcum powder is considered to increase the risk of ovarian cancer,
proves studies.
Skin rashes, infectious of the urinary tract, bladder and kidney,
genital issues, eye irritations and respiratory problems can all be
caused by reactions to industrial foaming additives in bubble baths,
such as alkylarylsulfonate.
Cosmetics are a low priority in consumer safety since they are wrongly
assumed that do not affect your health. Plus, most cosmetics are poorly
tested, especially for chronic applications causing low grade toxicity.
Therefore:
Some components in cosmetic and cleaning products such as nail
varnish removers, can cause skin irritation and cause dermatitis.
Some chemicals, such as solvents and powders in acrylic systems
for artificial nails, can induce skin allergies and asthma.
Dust filings from artificial nails can cause wheezing, chest tightness
and asthma.
Acrylic fumes can trigger headaches, dizziness, and nausea.
- Cosmetic products and allergies
, An allergy is an overreaction to chemicals found in our surroundings.
Allergies are quite widespread, affecting one out of every three people at
some point. Consumers can be allergic to commonly used products. That
does not mean that the ingredient contained is unsafe. The body does
simply react differently, which varies from person to person. Any type of
substance can create an allergic reaction in someone, whether natural or
home-made.
Cosmetics Europe does not utilise substances that are known to cause
widespread allergic reactions responses. However, people are different,
meaning some people can be allergic to a certain substance and some
people cannot. It is almost impossible to avoid all substances that can
cause allergic reaction to someone, but it its possible plus difficult for the
person to avoid the products that contain that substance. But when there
is an elevated risk of allergy identified, as in already have, some hair
dyes, the product will carry a warning label and consumers will be advised
to carry out an allergy alert test before applying the product in full.
- Cosmetic industry
Good Manufacturing Product (GMP) is applied to produce a safe and high-
quality product. This legislation helps in the manufacture of cosmetic
products that are safe and with high quality.
Good Manufacturing Practices also apply to food, pharmaceuticals, and
supplements. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, banned the sale of
adulterated or misbranded cosmetics in the US. Cosmetics sold in Canada
must be created and stored in clean, sanitary surroundings, according to
Food and Drugs Act. environments. Cosmetic good manufacturing practise
is putting in place measures to guarantee that items are prepared in a
clean environment and that they do not become contaminated throughout
the manufacturing process. Because numerous micro-organisms dwell
freely in the environment around us, microbial contamination extremely
prevalent. Contamination of items can cause them to degrade and
possibly hurt the user.
Equipment used, such as bowls, utensils, and measurement equipment,
should be clean to prevent extraneous material, dirt, or cleaning
chemicals from contaminating the completed cosmetic. They should be
carefully stored and calibrated on regular basis if necessary.
Cosmetic GMP emphasises the need of ensuring that people are
professionally trained, experienced, certified so that their actions
contribute to safety and quality rather than jeopardise it.
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