Theme 1, Communist Gov in the USSR 1917-1985 (RUSSIA)
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Lecture notes Theme 1, Communist Gov in the USSR (Russia)
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Theme 1, Communist Gov in the USSR 1917-1985 (RUSSIA)
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
this is lecture notes on the foundings of the first two leaders of russia and how they created policies and had advantages and disadvantages on how their country would be
Theme 1, Communist Gov in the USSR 1917-1985 (RUSSIA)
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Section 2c: Changing economic priorities, 1953-85
Investment in agriculture, 1953-64 (p. 60-2)
Summarise some key changes Khrushchev made to Soviet agriculture: he broke down traditions in
1953 by acknowledging that Soviet agriculture was inefficient and less productive and wanted to
ensure a higher standard of living for agricultural workers. Stalin’s heirs added in a series of reforms
and to revive the soviet economy.
Improved incentives: 19054 Christchurch change the relationship on collective farms and the
government in order to incentivize High production rates in essence he wanted to invest in farming
by offering farms hire prices for their produce under Stalin each farmer to produce a quota of goods
he reduce the quote and introduced hire prices for everything that was produced in addition to the
quote this led to a 250% rise in Farm incomes between 1952 and 1956.
investment in resources: Khrushchev also invested in farm equipment and fertilizers 1954 here to
the construction of new fertilizer factories as an increase to the production of tractors, by 1955 this
resulted in a 30% increase in the number of tractors available and a 40% increase in the amount of
fertilizer produced.
What was the Virgin Lands Scheme? It was his most ambitious agricultural policy. Khrushchev
hoped to increase agricultural production by turning on Farm plans in the North Caucasus
Kazakhstan and western Siberia into new farms, it was launched in September 1953. agricultural
investment group from under 3% a year to 12.8% of the Soviet budget between 1954 and 59
between 1953 and 64-bit letter significant increase in the amount of farmed land in the Soviet
Union.
What was the Corn Campaign and was it successful? In addition to the Virgin land scheme
introduced the corn campaign from September 1958 he encouraged to farmers in the Ukraine to
grow maize, his plan was to shift we production to the newly created Virgin lands farms warmes
would be produced in the traditional forms of the Ukraine may have be used to feed animals with
therefore increase the amount of meat available to Soviet consumers. however this campaign was a
failure khrushchev's initiative was based on the success of Us farms Soviet farms only able to
, produce 50% of the Corn per hectare that us farms managed due to differences in climate love
labour productivity, and the inferiority of Soviet tractors and fertilizers as a result the amount of
animal feed produced by Soviet farms dropped by 30% between 1958 and 1964.
Agricultural successes, 1954-8: Problems in agriculture, 1954-64:
❖ Machine and tractor stations which
● The Virgin land scheme was extremely abolished their farm workers for less
successful. able to obtain modern farming
● harvest meat and milk production also equipment.
significantly between 1953 and 58. ❖ centrally directed campaigns were
● overall agricultural production ineffective because there's not reflect
increased by around 35.3% in this local conditions. For example
period. Khrushchev advocated may production
● This scheme leads to greater which was inappropriate to the climate
availability of food in Soviet shops and of many Soviet farmers therefore
therefore a better standard of living for labour fertilizers and Farmland was
Soviet citizens. wasted.
● great production let off for 400% rise in ❖ Sophia planners always deliver the
the income of Farm workers. correct fertilizer to the farms or deliver
● The success of the scheme allowed it when it is needed.
Khrushchev To consolidate his position ❖ Khrushchev repeatedly reforms to the
and led him to advocate even more Ministries Dealing with agriculture
ambitious schemes. contradictory reforms led
● In 1956 he introduced a new administrative confusion.
commitment to produce more food ❖ Soviet farms often had inadequate
than the US. By 1960 this required a storage facilities and therefore some of
300% increase in production in 4 years. the food produced was wasted.
❖ pay for agricultural workers increases
but remains inadequate.
❖ Khrushchev's investment failed to
make Soviet farms more efficient there
for long term problems of inefficiency
and waste continued.
❖ cut investment in agriculture from
12.8% a Year from 1954 to 1959 to 2% a
year in 1960.
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