Summary Edward & Mary- Instability and consolidation: 'the Mid-Tudor Crisis', 1547–1563 (A Level Notes- A*) The Tudors: England
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The Tudors: England 1485-1603
Institution
AQA
Notes from a range of sources that helped me to get an A* in A Level history
Includes topics of:
Edward VI, Somerset and Northumberland; royal authority; problems of succession; relations with foreign powers
The social impact of religious and economic changes under Edward VI; rebellion; intellec...
instability and consolidation the mid tudor crisis
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A/AS Level
AQA
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The Tudors: England 1485-1603
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Edward & Mary – A Level History (A* Summary Notes AQA)
Edward VI
The Inheritance
• Coronation –big horse
• Fighting for influence
• Dominance
• -trained to be king from birth
• People carrying it- 4 main contenders for his control
• Commoners recognise him as a new king f
• foreigner: Spain, France, Holy Roman Empire ambassadors- behind his horse.
Record what they’re saying
• Small fleet (seen as female)
• Just a child
• Had been prepared for it since birth, but was still not ready for the throne
• Henry had also left the country in a state
Young Edward IV:
• Born in October 1537, son of Jane Seymour and third child of Henry VIII
• First to succeed to the title of Supreme Head of the Church of England and of
defender of the faith
• Edward clever, especially at languages and theology. He seems to have been
very serious
• Impressed others with his learning and started training in outside activities as
well, such as riding.
• 1552 contracted measles and smallpox but recovered well.
• Following year died of tuberculosis, but what can be more accurately be
described as chronic infectious disease of the chest
1
,Edward & Mary – A Level History (A* Summary Notes AQA)
• Until spring 1553 there is no evidence that his early death was likely
Henry VIIIs legacy left for Edward VI: 1540s onward:
• Finances- expensive wars and lost money
• Government
• Scotland
• France
• Privy council- Earl of Hertford
• Reformation- Church of England
• Fragile Tudor dynasty- only male heir (marries sisters, engagements can be
broken as could not marry at the age of 9, but could only be engaged at 9)
• Trade
• Exploration
• Factionalism in the court
The inheritance: Foreign Policy:
• Keen to be seen as a chivalrous knight
• -political pawn
• -wanted a divorce
• Protestant allies- reformation cannot rely on Spain and France, Look at tribe
• 1520s and 1530s
• Wanted to regain glory- Scotland- disables British Isles
• Marriage with Anne of Cleves destroyed
• Becomes to protestant
• No alliance with the Holy Roman Empire
2
,Edward & Mary – A Level History (A* Summary Notes AQA)
To What extent was 1539 a turning point in Henry VIII’s Foreign Policy?
What were Henry’s main aims?
1. Glory
2. Gain territory
3. Gain money
4. Control in France
5. Large military/ navy
What were the impacts of Henry's foreign policy for Edward when he came to power?
• Glory in last years of his reign – still saw himself as young
• Isolation from Ferdinand meant that area taken over by Charles
• Treaty of Cambrai – isolated
• 1539 being a turning point
• Henry and England excommunicated by the pope in 1538
• Led to 1539 threats of a catholic invasion resulting in the act of six articles
being passed
• 1540: failure of his marriage alliance to Anne of Cleves
• Attempts to make an alliance with the Schmalkalden league
• No protestant allies meant they were vulnerable to invasion from the
Catholics.
• 1543: Treaty of Greenwich collapsed as Mary to marry Edward
• 1544: Invasion of Bolognue instead of France as army not big enough. Did not
capture Montreuil and were confined to Calais
• Did manage to get a pension from France for Bolognue, however the war itself
had cost Henry £2 million so it is unlikely that this covered it
3
, Edward & Mary – A Level History (A* Summary Notes AQA)
• 1545: French counter invasion of the isle of wight in which Francis I sent
troops to Scotland to reinforce possible invasion of England. England defeated at
ancrum moor. Separate French force in the isle of wight in which England lost-
continued risk of invasion and no security
• 1546: peace with France in which French failed to capture Boulogne. Invasion
of northern France never materialized, neither side could afford to continue
conflict.
• Navy destroyed from French- Mary Tudor sunk on the 19th July
• Achieved security in 1546 and the war led to money issues for Edward VI
• Foreign policy expensive and caused a recession
4
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