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(Uitgebreide) Samenvatting Statistiek II voor de sociale wetenschappen

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Course
Statistiek II

Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Deze samenvatting bevat alle theorie van het vak statistiek II voor de sociale wetenschappen in combinatie met de in de les gegeven voorbeelden.

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Uploaded on February 24, 2023
Number of pages 91
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

statistiek
statistiek ii
statistiek ii voor de sociale wetenschappen

Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Education
Criminologie
Course
Statistiek II

AnaïsPeeters

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1. Summary - (uitgebreide) samenvatting statistiek ii voor de sociale wetenschappen
2. Summary - Beknopt theoretische overzicht van het vak statistiek ii voor de sociale wetenschappe...
3. Summary - Begrippen en symbolen van het vak statistiek ii voor de sociale wetenschappen
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Statistiek || voor de sociale wetenschappen –
Samenvatting lesteksten

1

,Inhoud
1. Les 1: Herhaling basisconcepten ..................................................................................................... 9
1.1. Statistiek en statistische gegevens .......................................................................................... 9
1.1. Steekproef en onderzoekspopulatie ....................................................................................... 9
1.2. Beschrijvende en inferentiële statistiek .................................................................................. 9
1.3. Variabelen: Operationalisering en meetniveaus ..................................................................... 9
1.2.1. Tekstuele versus numerieke variabelen ........................................................................ 10
1.2.2. Operationalisering ......................................................................................................... 10
1.2.3. Kwalitatieve versus kwantitatieve variabelen ............................................................... 10
1.2.4. Meetniveau’s ................................................................................................................. 10
1.4. Frequentieverdelingen en grafische weergaven ................................................................... 11
1.2.5. Absolute frequentie....................................................................................................... 11
1.2.6. Relatieve frequentie ...................................................................................................... 11
1.2.7. Cumulatieve absolute frequentie .................................................................................. 12
1.2.8. Cumulatieve relatieve frequentie.................................................................................. 12
1.2.9. Grafische weergaven ..................................................................................................... 12
1.2.10. Tips en tricks voor grafieken.......................................................................................... 13
1.5. Maten van centraliteit ........................................................................................................... 13
1.2.11. Overzicht centrummaten .............................................................................................. 14
1.6. Maten van spreiding .............................................................................................................. 14
1.2.12. Overzicht spreidingsmaten............................................................................................ 16
1.7. Outliers .................................................................................................................................. 16
1.2.13. Wat zijn outliers? ........................................................................................................... 16
1.2.14. Outliers identificeren..................................................................................................... 16
1.2.15. Outliers corrigeren ........................................................................................................ 17
2. Kansrekenen .................................................................................................................................. 17
1.8. Basisconcepten van kansrekenen ......................................................................................... 17
1.2.16. Concept kans ................................................................................................................. 17
1.2.17. Uitkomstenruimte ......................................................................................................... 18
1.2.18. Gebeurtenis ................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.19. Kans op een gebeurtenis ............................................................................................... 18
1.2.20. Doorsnede van gebeurtenis .......................................................................................... 19
1.2.21. Disjuncte gebeurtenissen .............................................................................................. 19
1.2.22. Unie van gebeurtenissen ............................................................................................... 19
1.9. Rekenregels voor kansen....................................................................................................... 19
1.2.23. Drie basisregels.............................................................................................................. 19

2

, 1.2.23.1. Complementregel ...................................................................................................... 20
1.2.23.2. Somregel .................................................................................................................... 20
1.2.23.3. Productregel .............................................................................................................. 20
1.10. Voorwaardelijke kansen .................................................................................................... 21
1.2.24. Onafhankelijke gebeurtenissen ..................................................................................... 21
1.2.25. Afhankelijke gebeurtenissen => Voorwaardelijke kansen ............................................ 21
1.2.26. Productregel .................................................................................................................. 21
1.2.27. Controleren van onafhankelijkheid ............................................................................... 21
1.2.28. Onafhankelijke gebeurtenissen ..................................................................................... 21
1.2.29. Voorwaardelijke kans .................................................................................................... 22
1.2.30. Totale kans op basis van voorwaardelijke kans ............................................................ 22
1.2.31. Regel van Bayes ............................................................................................................. 22
3. Les 3: Statistische kansverdelingen ............................................................................................... 23
1.11. De discrete kansverdeling ................................................................................................. 23
1.2.32. Wat? .............................................................................................................................. 23
1.2.33. Gemiddelde ................................................................................................................... 23
1.2.34. Specifieke discrete kansverdeling ................................................................................. 23
1.12. Binomiaalverdeling ............................................................................................................ 23
1.13. Continue kansverdeling ..................................................................................................... 24
1.14. Kenmerken ........................................................................................................................ 25
1.15. Normaalverdeling .............................................................................................................. 25
1.2.35. Empirische regel ............................................................................................................ 26
1.16. Standaardnormaalverdeling .............................................................................................. 26
1.17. Kans berekenen – De kansdichtheid ................................................................................. 26
1.2.36. Cumulatieve kansen ...................................................................................................... 27
1.2.37. Niet cumulatieve kansen ............................................................................................... 27
4. Steekproefverdeling en centrale limietstelling ............................................................................. 27
1.18. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 27
1.2.38. Twee soorten statistiek ................................................................................................. 27
1.19. Steekproefverdeling en centrale limietstelling ................................................................. 27
1.2.39. Verschillen tussen steekproeven................................................................................... 27
1.2.40. Variatie tussen steekproefverdelingen ......................................................................... 27
1.2.40.1. Steekproefverdeling .................................................................................................. 27
1.2.41. Centrale limietstelling ................................................................................................... 28
1.20. Steekproevenverdeling proportie ..................................................................................... 28
1.2.42. Inferentiële statistiek..................................................................................................... 28

3

, 1.2.43. Binomiaalverdeling ........................................................................................................ 29
1.2.44. Kenmerken van steekproevenverdeling........................................................................ 29
1.21. Steekproevenverdeling voor gemiddelde ......................................................................... 29
1.2.45. Kenmerken steekproefverdeling ................................................................................... 29
5. Hypothesetoetsen ......................................................................................................................... 30
1.22. Hypothesetoetsen van een Proportie ............................................................................... 30
1.2.46. Wat? .............................................................................................................................. 30
1.2.47. Hoe?............................................................................................................................... 30
1.2.47.1. Assumpties ................................................................................................................ 30
1.2.47.2. Hypotheses ................................................................................................................ 30
1.2.47.3. Toetsstatistiek ........................................................................................................... 30
1.2.47.4. P-waarde.................................................................................................................... 31
1.2.47.5. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 32
1.23. Hypothesetoetsen van een Gemiddelde ........................................................................... 32
1.2.48. Hoe?............................................................................................................................... 32
1.2.48.1. Assumpties ................................................................................................................ 32
1.2.48.2. Hypothesen ............................................................................................................... 32
1.2.48.3. Toetsstatistiek ........................................................................................................... 33
1.2.48.4. P-waarde.................................................................................................................... 33
1.2.48.5. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 33
1.24. Twee strategieën voor het bepalen van de p-waarde (stap 4) ......................................... 33
1.2.49. Exacte waarde-methode ............................................................................................... 33
1.2.50. Kritieke waarde-methode.............................................................................................. 34
6. Betrouwbaarheidsintervallen ........................................................................................................ 34
1.25. Betrouwbaarheidsinterval voor een proportie ................................................................. 34
1.2.51. Berekenen en interpreteren van een betrouwbaarheidsinterval ................................. 34
1.2.51.1. Assumpties ................................................................................................................ 34
1.2.51.2. Opbouw ..................................................................................................................... 34
1.2.51.3. Resultaat .................................................................................................................... 35
1.2.51.4. Interpretatie .............................................................................................................. 35
1.2.52. Effect van het betrouwbaarheidsniveau en de steekproefgrootte ............................... 35
1.26. Betrouwbaarheidsinterval voor een gemiddelde ............................................................. 36
1.2.53. Bepalen van een betrouwbaarheidsinterval ................................................................. 36
1.2.53.1. Assumpties ................................................................................................................ 36
1.2.53.2. Opbouw ..................................................................................................................... 36
1.2.53.3. Resultaat .................................................................................................................... 37

4

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(Uitgebreide) Samenvatting Statistiek II voor de sociale wetenschappen

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