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Samenvatting Mechanismen van ziekte: Ferdinande
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Samenvatting deel van mechanismen van ziekte (gegeven door Liesbeth Ferdinande).
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1: pathologie van de celAdaptati e van cellulaire groei en diff erenti ati e
Homeostase: evenwicht tussen functie en structuur
Adaptatie: reversibele respons => nieuwe steady state
- Tgv fysiologische stress/pathologische stimulus
- Hypertrofie: celgrootte ↗ => vol orgaan ↗
o Synthese structurele componenten ↗
o Tgv functionele behoefte ↗ + hormonale stim
- Hyperplasie: aantal cellen ↗
o Proliferatie mature cellen oiv GF/regeneratie stamcellen
o Fysiologisch
Hormonaal
compensatoir
o Pathologisch
Hormonaal/GF
Controloemechanisme celgroei
- Atrofie: aantal + grootte cellen ↘ => volume orgaan/weefsel ↘
o Eiw afbraak ↗ + eiw synthese ↘
o Oorzaken
Verminderde werkbelasting
Denervatie
Ischemie
Onvold voeding
Verlies endocriene stim
druk
- Metaplasie: vervanging celtype (vaak plaveiselepitheel)
o Uit precursorcellen
o Oiv cytokines, GF, ECM
o Metaplasie => dysplasie => carcinoma in situ
o Bv squameuze metaplasie bij rokers
o Bv Barrett oesofagus
Reflux maagzuur
Distale slokdarm: plaveisel- => glandulair epitheel
- IC accum:
o Norm cellulaire component
o Abnorm endo/exogene producten
o Pigment
Exogeen
Anthracosis thv longparenchym/pulmonale Lnn. (C in de lucht)
Tattoo: opname in dermale macrofagen
Endogeen
Lipofuscine
Hemosiderine (Hb): ijzerneerslag
o Lipiden
Bv steatose: lever
, Bv schuimbekmacrofagen
o Eiwitten
Russell body: secr Ig’s
AR aand
α-1 anti-trypsine def: inhib proteasen
Mutatie => abnorm eiw => accum eiw in ER hepatocyten
Onvold inhib: longemfyseem
o Hyalien
IC: eiw deposities
EC:
Coll bw
Amyloïd: pathologische eiw subst
o Congoroodkleuring
Amyloïdoses: misfolding eiw (β-sheet) => depostie toxische,
fibrillaire eiw
o Lok: plaats van aanmaak bv Z v Alzheimer
o Syst: versch org systemen
Vermoeidheid, zwakte, verlies eetlust, oedeem
(hart, nier), gewichtsverlies, paresthesieën
(vingers, tenen), dyspnoe
AL: lichte keten
AA: sec
o Glycogeen
Glycogeen storage diseases = glycogenoses: genetisch
Def enzym glycogeenafbr/synthese
o Oorzaken
Abnorm metabolisme van norm endogene subst
Aanmaak > metabolisme
Mutatie enzymen metabolisme
Mutaties => wijzigingen eiw aanm/transp
Foute opvouwing eiw
Depositie abnorm exogeen subst
- Calcificatie: abnorm depositie Ca zoute, ijzer, Mg, andere minerale zouten
o Dystrofisch: norm Ca spiegels
o Metastatisch: stoornis in Ca metabolisme
Celschade en celdood
Oorzaken
- Hypoxie: zuurstoftekort in weefsels
o Ischemie
o Onvold oxygenatie bloed
o Verminderde capaciteit van bloed om zuurstof te vervoeren
o Ernstig bloedverlies
- Fysische agentia
o Mechanisch trauma
o Temperatuur
o Drukveranderingen
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