1. Cardiac output: heart rate x stroke volume
2. Preload: -amount of blood in the ventricles before contractions
3. Afterload: -how hard the heart needs to pump to push blood out
4. Contractility: -force and velocity of ventricle ejection
5. Compliance: -ability of the heart to stretch
6. PA (...
1. Cardiac output: heart rate x stroke volume
2. Preload: -amount of blood in the ventricles before contractions
3. Afterload: -how hard the heart needs to pump to push blood out
4. Contractility: -force and velocity of ventricle ejection
5. Compliance: -ability of the heart to stretch
6. PA (Swan-Ganz) catheter: -used to get direct measurements in the heart
7. CVP/RAP: -Right atrium preload
-normal is 2 to 8
8. PAP: -pulmonary artery pressure
-afterload of the right ventricle
- 15-25/8-15
9. PAOP (wedge): -left ventricle preload
-6 to 12 mmHg
10. A line pressure: -left ventricle afterload
-100-120/60-80
11. Hypervolemia interventions: -Diuretics
-fluid restriction
-slowdown infusion rate
-listen to lung sounds
-edema
-JVD
12. Hypovolemia interventions: -Give fluids
-blood products
-oxygen
-vasopressors
-monitor electrolytes
13. PA Catheter placement: -goes into the right atrium of the heart
-right 4th intercostal space mid axillary line
14. Zero device of PA catheter: -Phlebo-static access device levels the transduc-
er
-The transducer must be aligned with the phlebo-static access
15. Normal CO: 4-8L/min
16. Cardiac index: 2.2-4L/min/squared
17. SVR: 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm
, NR341 Final Exam Review
18. PVR: <250 dynes
19. MAP: Systolic + 2(diastolic)/3
20. Hypovolemic shock: -Shock caused by fluid or blood loss
21. Hypovolemic shock symptoms: -hypotension
-tachycardia
-weak thready pulse
-cool
-pale
-moist skin
-decreased urine output
-confusion
-weakness
-decreased CO
-increased SVR
22. Hypovolemic shock treatments: -Fluids
-blood
-vasopressors
-medications
23. Cardiogenic shock: -pump issue
-heart fails to act as a effective pump (MI, cardiomyopathy, afib, v-tach)
24. Cardiogenic shock symptoms: -hypotension
-tachycardia
-weak thready pulse
-cool, pale, moist skin
-urine output less than 30mL/hr
-crackles
-tachypnea
-Left sided HF: dyspnea, fatigue, pink frothy sputum, cough
-Right sided HF: edema, JVD
-Decreased CO and increased SVR
25. Types of distributive shock: -neurogenic
-anaphylactic
-septic
*Vasodilation issue/decreased CO, vascular tone*
26. Neurogenic shock: -vasodilation issue
-loss of vascular tone
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