Grammar les 45
V dictionary form
V ない-form ない
V た-form
い-adj (～い) 場合は、～ In het geval dat/dan
な-adj な
Nの
Is an expression used for postulating a situation. The sentence that follows it indicates how to cope
with the situation or its consequences. Since ばあい is a noun, it is connected in the same way as a
noun modifier.
かいぎ ま あ ばあい れんらく
会議に間に合わない場合は、連絡してください。
Please contact us if you can’t get to the meeting on time.
じかん おく ばあい かいじょう い
時間に遅れた場合は、 会 場 には入れません。
If you are late, you will not be allowed into the venue.
V Plain form
ＵＵい-adj のに、～
な-adj Plain form
N ～だ -> な
のに is used when what is stated in the second clause of a sentence contradicts what would have
been expected from the first clause. In most cases, it conveys a feeling of surprise or dissatisfaction.
やくそく かのじょ き
約束をしたのに、彼女は来ませんでした。
Even though we had a date, she didn’t turn up.
きょう にちようび はたら
今日は日曜日なのに、 働 かなければなりません。
I have to work today, despite the fact that it’s a Sunday.
The different between ～のに and ～か:
If the のに in the sentences above were replaced by が, they would no longer express a feeling of
surprise or dissatisfaction.
約束をしましたが、彼女は来ませんでした。We had a date, and she didn’t turn up.
今日は日曜日ですが、働かなければなりません。It’s Sunday today, and I have to work.
The difference between ～のに and ～ても:
～のに expresses the speaker’s feelings about something that has actually happened; it cannot be
used like the conjunction ～ても to express a contradictory conclusion in a hypothetical situation.
あしたあめ ふ さ っ か
明日雨が降っても、サッカーをします。
We’re going to play soccer tomorrow even if it rains.
Grammar les 46
V dictionary form
V て-form いる
V た-form
V dictionary form
V ない-form ない
V た-form
い-adj (～い) 場合は、～ In het geval dat/dan
な-adj な
Nの
Is an expression used for postulating a situation. The sentence that follows it indicates how to cope
with the situation or its consequences. Since ばあい is a noun, it is connected in the same way as a
noun modifier.
かいぎ ま あ ばあい れんらく
会議に間に合わない場合は、連絡してください。
Please contact us if you can’t get to the meeting on time.
じかん おく ばあい かいじょう い
時間に遅れた場合は、 会 場 には入れません。
If you are late, you will not be allowed into the venue.
V Plain form
ＵＵい-adj のに、～
な-adj Plain form
N ～だ -> な
のに is used when what is stated in the second clause of a sentence contradicts what would have
been expected from the first clause. In most cases, it conveys a feeling of surprise or dissatisfaction.
やくそく かのじょ き
約束をしたのに、彼女は来ませんでした。
Even though we had a date, she didn’t turn up.
きょう にちようび はたら
今日は日曜日なのに、 働 かなければなりません。
I have to work today, despite the fact that it’s a Sunday.
The different between ～のに and ～か:
If the のに in the sentences above were replaced by が, they would no longer express a feeling of
surprise or dissatisfaction.
約束をしましたが、彼女は来ませんでした。We had a date, and she didn’t turn up.
今日は日曜日ですが、働かなければなりません。It’s Sunday today, and I have to work.
The difference between ～のに and ～ても:
～のに expresses the speaker’s feelings about something that has actually happened; it cannot be
used like the conjunction ～ても to express a contradictory conclusion in a hypothetical situation.
あしたあめ ふ さ っ か
明日雨が降っても、サッカーをします。
We’re going to play soccer tomorrow even if it rains.
Grammar les 46
V dictionary form
V て-form いる
V た-form
