forestry exam 2 Complete Questions And Answers

rotation - ANSWER the number of years required to establish and grow trees to a specified size produce, or condition, of maturity. for example, oaks may have an 80- year rotation for sawlogs basal area - ANSWER the cross- sectional area of a tree, in the square feet, at 4.5 feet from the ground ( breast height) the result is expressed as square feet of basal area per acre, which is a measure of a stand density overstocked - ANSWER forest or stand condition where too many trees are present for optimum growth aspect - ANSWER the direction that a slope faces forest type - ANSWER a category of forest usually defined by its dominant vegetation intermediate cut - ANSWER removing immature trees from the forest sometime between establishment and stand harvest to improve the quality of the remaining forest stand site index 75 + - ANSWER white oak, northern red oak, black oak site index 55-74 - ANSWER white oak, black oak, northern red oak site index 40-54 - ANSWER black oak, northern red oak, scarlet oak this timber management system is a group of forest practices employed to achieve a nearly concurrent unit of a forest trees - ANSWER even-aged the single-tree selection method is an uneven aged regeneration method most suitable when shade ______ species regeneration desired - ANSWER tolerant which of the following is the second step in developing a forest management plan - ANSWER forest inventory influencing tree species diversity, composition, regeneration and tree class/age structure requires an understanding of the ____ that makes up the forest system - ANSWER tree species limiting factors are ______ that restrict a forest systems size or geographical range - ANSWER environmental components 9 terrestrial communities of missouri - ANSWER woodlands, forest, glade, wetlands, cave, cliff, stream edge, prairie, savanna what is the name of the landtypes association where MSU'S the woodlands is located - ANSWER little sac river oak savanna/ woodland low hills landscapes in the vicinity of the woodlands are have occasional limestone glades are usually overgrown with species of woody invader - ANSWER eastern red cedar indirect measures of site productivity ( site index) include - ANSWER soils, landform, indicator species what is another term used for the activity when a forester is conducing a forest inventory - ANSWER timber cruise oak woodland plant species - ANSWER spice bush oak woodland wildlife species - ANSWER deer, turkey what is the two-word term of cutting only high-value trees from a forest property, leaving a stand of poor quality with decreases future timber productivity - ANSWER high grading missouri is the top producer of white oak stave bolts used in the manufacturer of what container product ? what is another name for this industry - ANSWER barrel, cooperage silvicultural methods for regenerating trees - ANSWER clearcut, shelterwood, single-tree, group selection oak stands and pine stands - ANSWER -will regenerate pine as long as enough overstory is removed. -Reduce overstory stocking to 60 percent, leaving seed-producing pine trees scattered over the stand. -Control unwanted hardwoods and prepare a seedbed as needed. -Remove the shelterwood two to three years after sufficient pine seedlings are established. bottomland regeneration - ANSWER three sources of regeneration • advance regeneration • stump and root sprouts from harvested trees • new seedlings. -seed-tree method is not recommended - shelterwood is the best way to regenerated heavy-seeded species Pest Management Strategies - ANSWER pesticides are used to protect high-value ornamental trees invasive species - ANSWER thousand cankers disease - lethal to black walnut trees gypsy moth - devastating to missouri forest fire benefits in forest and woodlands - ANSWER -recycle nutrients back into the soil -A variety of tree species depend on the heat of a fire to open their cones and release seeds- -shortleaf pine and some oak species, need fire to remove debris and leaf litter and expose soil to enhance the germination of seeds and to open the forest canopy to allow warmth and sunlight to reach the forest floor. causes of wildfires - ANSWER Often these fires are set by careless individuals burning debris or arsonists. Debris burning and arsonists each account for approximately 33 percent of the wildfires that occur annually throughout Missouri. prevention of wildfires - ANSWER - keep phone handy -Build and maintain access roads to all parts of your property. Keep any grasses and vegetation mowed and keep road clear of any fallen limbs and branches. -Build a pond or locate a local water source for fire trucks to refill their tanks. -Check and maintain any bridges on your property to be sure they can support the weight of local fire trucks. -After timber harvests, break down remaining treetops and slash piles so they lie closer to the ground. This will help promote decomposition. wildlife- niche - ANSWER -Each bird or animal has a specific place and role -Although some overlap occurs, these special niches allow many wildlife species to occupy different parts of the same forest young stands - ANSWER -During the seedling-sapling stage, concentrate any work on understory development. -By thinning newly regenerated stands, you increase sunlight, which promotes the abundance and nutritional value of herbaceous vegetation. inmature stands - ANSWER -include those up to 60 years old or that have sapling-, pole-, and small sawtimber-size trees. -these pole-size trees are too young to produce much mast for wildlife; and grasses, forbs, and shrubs common in young stands have been shaded out. mature stands - ANSWER -Stands older than 60 years or that are medium- to large sawtimber size generally provide good wildlife habitat. -Mature trees usually produce abundant mast and provide den sites. -The understory in these stands produces moderate amounts of browse. -Thinned trees in mature stands often can be sold for timber. snags and dens - ANSWER -provide essential food and cover for many species of wildlife. - snags are standing dead trees - dens trees are alive with a cavity in the trunk or limbs large enough to shelter wildlife - good places for them along streams and fencerows, and small isolated woodlots guidelines for snag trees - ANSWER 1.Leave or establish per acre: 2. a. One snag larger than 20 inches DBH for pileated and red-headed woodpeckers. b. Four snags between 10 and 20 inches DBH for species, such as flying squirrel and the American kestrel. c. Two snags between 6 and 10 inches DBH for species, such as the eastern bluebird and black-capped chickadee. guidelines for den trees - ANSWER 1. Leave or establish per acre: a. One den tree larger than 20 inches DBH for barred owls, fox squirrels, and raccoons.