Examiner name: Ms DR Mokwana
Internal moderator name: Prof F Bankole
This paper consists of 5 pages.
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• The mark for each question is in brackets next to the question
, COS3701
Jan/Feb 2023
Question 1 [16]
(a) Determine a regular expression for the language L over the alphabet {a, b} that consists of
all words that have at least one b but contain exactly one aa substring (and no other as).
Example of words in the language are aab, bbbaabbb, bbbbaabbbbbbbb etc.
Examples of words that are not in the language are a, aba, bbab, aaabbbb, baabbbbaabb
etc. (2)
(b) Design a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) that will recognise all of the words in L
as defined above. (4)
(c) Use Theorem 21 to develop a context-free grammar (CFG) for the language L. (4)
(d) Convert the following CFG to Chomsky Normal Form (CNF):
S → aX Y | Y b
X → X ZY Z | a
Y → bY | Λ
Z →a|Λ (6)
Question 2 [10]
Build a deterministic pushdown automata (DPDA) that accepts the language
L = {(ab)n (aa)m (ba)n−1 | n ≥ 1, m ≥ 1} over the alphabet Σ = {a, b}.
Question 3 [12]
The pumping lemma with length for context-free languages (CFLs) can be stated as follows: Let L
be a CFL generated by a CFG in CNF with p live productions.
Then any word w in L with length > 2p can be broken into five parts:
w = uvxyz such that
length(vxy) ≤ 2p
length(x) > 0
length(v) + length(y) > 0
and such that all the words uv n xy n z with n ∈ {2, 3, 4, . . .} are also in the language L.
Use the pumping lemma with length to prove that the language
L = {(a)n (b)2n+2 (a)n−1 | n ≥ 1}
over the alphabet Σ = {a, b} is non-context-free.
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