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erfgoedmaterialen degradatie
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Degradatie (Erfgoedmaterialen)Docent Geert Van der Snickt – UAntwerpen – academiejaar 2021-2022
Opleiding Conservatie en Restauratie
Inhoudsopgave
1.1 Studieleidraad.............................................................................................................. 5
2 Degradatie van Glas............................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Literatuur ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Inhoud .......................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Introductie ................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 Waarom moet een conservator restaurator glasdegradatie kennen. ................. 8
2.3.2 Terminologie:........................................................................................................ 9
2.3.3 Is wel degradatie vast te stellen? ......................................................................... 9
2.3.4 Conclusie oorzaken degradatie .......................................................................... 10
2.3.5 Onderzoek naar degradatie................................................................................ 12
2.4 Wat zijn de courantste degradatie fenomenen?....................................................... 13
2.4.1 Mechanische schade .......................................................................................... 13
2.4.2 Irisatie of iridisatie.............................................................................................. 16
2.4.3 Corrosiekorst ...................................................................................................... 17
2.4.4 Solarisatie ........................................................................................................... 20
2.4.5 Crizzling............................................................................................................... 22
2.4.6 Verlies van glasverf............................................................................................. 26
2.5 Chemisch mechanisme van glasdegradatie............................................................... 26
2.5.1 Chemische samenstelling: Wat is glas? .............................................................. 26
2.5.2 Chemisch mechanisme van glasdegradatie ....................................................... 33
2.5.3 Wat doen wij als erfgoedzorgers dan om te voorkomen / vertragen?.............. 45
Degradatie 1
,3 Degradatie van schilderijen .............................................................................................. 50
3.1 Opbouw van schilderij ............................................................................................... 50
3.1.1 Houten Panelen als dragers van schilderkunst .................................................. 50
3.1.2 Metalen dragers voor schilderijen uit de lage landen en Italië ......................... 67
3.1.3 De grondlaag....................................................................................................... 73
3.1.4 De tekening......................................................................................................... 77
3.1.5 De verflaag.......................................................................................................... 81
3.2 Schildertechnieken .................................................................................................... 88
3.2.1 Grote evolutie..................................................................................................... 88
3.2.2 Acrylverf als bindmiddel ..................................................................................... 92
3.3 Beschermlagen .......................................................................................................... 96
3.3.1 Soorten vernis..................................................................................................... 96
3.3.2 Voorbeelden van verouderde vernis.................................................................. 97
3.4 Pigmentdegradatie .................................................................................................... 99
3.4.1 Oorzaken............................................................................................................. 99
3.4.2 De korrelgrootte ............................................................................................... 100
3.4.3 Asfalt ................................................................................................................. 101
3.4.4 Het verdonkeren van kwiksulfide..................................................................... 106
3.4.5 Het vervagen van rode lakken .......................................................................... 109
3.4.6 Het verkleuren van ultramarijn ........................................................................ 112
3.4.7 Smalt ................................................................................................................. 115
3.4.8 Zinkwit .............................................................................................................. 118
3.4.9 Loodwit ............................................................................................................. 121
3.4.10 De verkleuring van gele lakken......................................................................... 123
3.5 Blanching of wit uitslaan van verfpartijen............................................................... 133
3.6 Andere oorzaken dan UV licht ................................................................................. 134
Degradatie 2
, 3.6.1 Pigmentverkleuringen t.g.v. schimmels (indirecte schade). ............................ 134
3.6.2 Hitte .................................................................................................................. 135
3.6.3 Waterschade..................................................................................................... 137
3.7 Verdigris en koperresinaat ...................................................................................... 138
3.8 Welke standpunt neem je in als restaurateur? ....................................................... 141
3.8.1 Hoe omgaan met pigmentdegradatie in de praktijk ........................................ 141
3.8.2 verfsleet ............................................................................................................ 143
3.8.3 Wat doe je met latere toevoegingen? ............................................................. 145
3.9 Hoe snel informatie over pigmenten opzoeken? .................................................... 147
4 Textiel ............................................................................................................................. 149
4.1 Wat is textiel ? ......................................................................................................... 149
4.2 Diversiteit aan textiele objecten.............................................................................. 149
4.2.1 Monumentaal textiel ........................................................................................ 149
4.2.2 (Hippo)mobiel erfgoed ..................................................................................... 160
4.2.3 Kerkelijk textiel ................................................................................................. 161
4.2.4 Kostuum mode en accessoires ......................................................................... 163
4.2.5 Case Conservatie Kledij Mergelynck................................................................. 165
4.2.6 Archeologisch textiel ........................................................................................ 167
4.2.7 Etnografisch textiel ........................................................................................... 169
4.3 Polymeren ................................................................................................................ 169
4.4 Oorzaken van schade ............................................................................................... 170
4.5 Wat is degradatie?................................................................................................... 170
4.6 Mechanische schade................................................................................................ 171
4.7 Chemische degradatie ............................................................................................. 177
4.7.1 Oxidatie............................................................................................................. 178
4.7.2 Hydrolyse (vocht).............................................................................................. 183
Degradatie 3
, 4.7.3 Cross-link .......................................................................................................... 185
4.7.4 Licht .................................................................................................................. 185
4.7.5 Temperatuur..................................................................................................... 189
4.7.6 Luchtverontreiniging ........................................................................................ 192
4.8 Integrated pest management IPM-plan .................................................................. 194
4.9.1 Beter voorkomen dan genezen ........................................................................ 199
4.9.2 Literatuur .......................................................................................................... 202
Degradatie 4
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