BTEC Level 3 Applied Science Unit 1 Biology Question and answer 100% correct 2023

BTEC Level 3 Applied Science Unit 1 Biology Question and answer 100% correct 2023plasma membrane a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins (Phospholipid bilayer) that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell Vesicle Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell. Ribosomes site of protein synthesis - 70s in prokaryotic cells - 80s in eukaryotic cells Mitochondrion bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy (ATP) during the process of respiration , to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA. Centrioles Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only Nucleus the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. Contains DNA Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm Lysosomes An organelle containing digestive enzymes (lysozymes) cell wall A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis Vacuole Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Amyloplast starch storage Plasmodesmata An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells pits openings in the lateral walls of xylem cells allowing water and nutrients to leak into surrounding tissues. resting potential electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron (-70mV) action potential the change in electrical potential (due to changes in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions) associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. Magnification equation Image size/actual size light microscope (LM) An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens. Resolution restricted by the wavelength of light electron microscope (EM) A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the fine details of cell surfaces. Robert Hooke (1665) Studied cork and and named the structures he saw "cells". Universal cell theory (1839) In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Neurotransmitters chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons Synapse the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron Parkinson's disease A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors. Caused by the inability to produce Dopamine. nervous tissue A body tissue that carries electrical messages