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Samenvatting Fundament 3; Bio: Zenuwstelsel
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Alle geziene leerstof over het zenuwstelsel in fundament 3 van verpleegkunde in Leuven - Duidelijke structuur - Duidelijke foto's - Genummerde pagina's
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Zenuwstelsel1. Inleiding
Zenuwstelsel:
− Regulerend stelsel
− Sneller, verfijnder dan endocrien stelsel
− Reguleert via hypofyse endocrien stelsel
1.1 Anatomische indeling
1.1.1 Centraal zenuwstelsel (CZS)
= Hersenen & ruggenmerg
Beschermd door benige structuren:
− Schedel
− wervelzuil
1.1.2 Perifeer zenuwstelsel (PZS)
= 43 paar zenuwen
− 12 paar hersenzenuwen
− 31 paar ruggenmergzenuwen
− Zenuw bevat 100-den uitlopers van sensorische,
motorische neuronen (neurieten)
− Niet beschermd door benige structuren
1.2 Functionele indeling
1.2.1 Vegatief
= Visceraal (ingewanden, lichamelijke structuren), autonoom
− Onbewuste reflexen: zorgt voor homeostase van inwendig milieu (instandhouding)
− Acute stress: fight en flight respons
− Chronische stress: general adaptation syndrome
− Onbewust & onvrijwillig
1.2.2 Animaal
= Dierlijk, somatisch
− Bewuste interactie met omgeving
− Bewust & vrijwillig
1.2.3 Coördinerende werking
Sensorisch
Input vanuit sensorcellen, receptoren
Sensibele neuronen en stijgende banen (PZS)
Hersenen, ruggenmerg (CZS)
1
,Verwerkend
Centrale verwerking in neuronale netwerken (CZS)
Motorisch
Output vanuit centraal zenuwstelsel
Motorische neuronen en dalende banen (PZS)
Effectorcellen: spieren, klieren
2. Neuronen
2.1 Anatomie
2.2 Functionele indeling
− Sensibele, afferente neuronen
− Schakel neuronen
− Motorische, efferente neuronen
2.3 Organisatie van neuronen
2
, 3. Hersenen
3.1 Grote hersenhemisferen (cerebrum)
3.1.1 Uitwendige anatomie
− 2 grote symmetrische hersenhelften → gescheiden door interhemisfere groeve
o In diepte verbonden door hersenbalk, corpus callosum & tussenhersenen
− Verbonden met hersenstam: hersenstelen, pedunculi cerebri
− Oppervlakte: sterk gegroefd (sulci) → windingen (gyri)
Groeven (sulci) en kwabben
Groeven verdelen hersenhelft in kwabben
− Sulcus lateralis (van Sylvius)
− Sulcus centralis (van Rolando)
− Lobus frontalis
− Lobus parietalis
− Lobus temporalis
− Lobus occipitalis
3.1.2 Doorsnede
Hersenschors = cortex
GRIJZE STOF: talloze cellichamen van neuronen
Verwerkt input → output
Hersenmerg = medulla
WITTE STOF: zenuwceluitlopers omgeven door myelinehulzen
Aanvoer input → afvoer output
3
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