COPD Davis Ch, questions and answers with complete solutions

COPD Davis Ch, questions and answers with complete solutions How many Americans does COPD affect? 28 million What is the primary cause of COPD? Smoking What are some risk factors for COPD? occupational dust and chemicals - outdoor air pollution - second-hand smoke What assessment can one make if a young person with no history of smoking presents with COPD? Less than 5% of COPD cases are caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called alpha-1 antitrypsin or ATT. Which 2 diseases are under the umbrella of COPD? emphysema and chronic bronchitis Where does COPD affect the body? normal airflow in the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. What does emphysema involve? the gradual destruction of the alveoli; this hinders breathing and decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the bloodstream. Over time, lung elasticity decreases and alveoli hyperinflate, causing air trapping and distention. What is meant by "Pink puffer"? patients of emphysema may develop a reddish skin complexion and display a puffing breathing pattern What do sufferers of emphysema experience? shortness of breath and a constant struggle to breathe from the ineffective exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli. What does chronic bronchitis cause? a person's lungs to become inflamed, usually due to chronic exposure to smoke and environmental irritants. It impacts the bronchi and bronchioles with an increase in mucous production. What is meant by a "blue bloater"? Hypoxemia gives a cyanotic appearance to the skin or, in comparison to those with emphysema, Why do those with chronic bronchitis develop a chronic, productive cough? Chronic bronchitis causes a person's lungs to become inflamed, usually due to chronic exposure to smoke and environmental irritants. It impacts the bronchi and bronchioles with an increase in mucous production. The body's natural reaction to chronic bronchitis is to clear the air passages, resulting in a chronic, productive cough. How do we care for a patient with COPD? identify and eliminate risk factors to prevent an exacerbation of illness. Next, monitor for deterioration in the patient's condition by performing regular comprehensive pulmonary assessments, and lastly, intervene appropriately, addressing nursing interventions as they relate to the illness. What assessments are performed in a COPD patient? - cough -sputum -dyspnea - use of accessory muscles - tripod positioning -inability to talk in full sentences - pursed-lip breathing - change in skin coloring - anxiety or confusion What are the nursing interventions for patients with COPD? - bronchodilators - oxygen - semi-fowler's position - small, frequent meals This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Caused by the destruction of alveoli EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH EMPHYSEMA The client with emphysema loses lung elasticity and develops hyperinflation of the alveoli. The small airways collapse prematurely causing trapping of air in the alveoli and subsequent distention. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Effects the small airways with increased sputum production EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH Chronic bronchitis affects the small airways and is defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years. It is caused by inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles from chronic exposure to smoke and environmental irritants. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Appears thin and barrel chested EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH The client with emphysema often appears thin and has a barrel chest or an AP diameter of 2:2 rather than the normal 1:2 ratio. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Reddish complexion and appears to be puffing EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH The client with emphysema has a reddish complexion and is often called a "pink puffer." This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Appears cyanotic in color EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH Chronic bronchitis causes hypoxemia, giving a bluish appearance of the skin. The client with chronic bronchitis is known as a "blue bloater" and is typically obese. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Bronchospasms from thick, tenacious mucus obstruction EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH The walls of the bronchus thicken from mucous causing airway obstruction and spasm. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Impaired alveoli EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH Loss of elasticity of the alveoli decreases recoil after exhalation. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Ineffective exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH EMPHYSEMA Carbon dioxide cannot leave the alveoli and oxygen cannot enter as a result of air trapping. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. A result of smoking and environmental inhaled pollutants EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH BothExposure to smoke, dust, chemicals, and air pollution can increase the risk and exacerbation of COPD This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Use of accessory muscles to breath EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH both, Clinical manifestations of COPD include labored breathing, shortness of breath, use of accessory muscles, and the use of tripod positioning to help with breathing. This or That? Select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions. Severity measured by forced expiration volume and vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BOTH BOTH, The most commonly performed pulmonary function test is spirometry, which measures lung volumes and airflow. Forced vital capacity is the maximum volume of air exhaled during a forced expiration. Patients with COPD have a decrease in both the FEV1 and FVC.