This document contains pharmacology essay, short note question asked in TNMGRMU.
It contains notes on
Bronchodilators
Drugs used for peptic ulcer
Beta blockers
Vasodilators
Aspirin
calcium channel blockers
Pharmacological actions of adrenaline
Ketoconazole
Acyclovir
Clinical uses:
1. Short acting β2 agonist – reversal of acute exacerbation
2. Long acting β2 agonist:
Bronchial asthma
COPD
3. Methylxanthines:
• Bronchial asthma and COPD- acute relief
• Apnea in premature infants- Theophylline is mostly used.
4. Anticholinergics:
• 1st line drug in COPD
• Nebulized ipratropium and salbutamol are used in refractory asthma.
• Used to control rhinorrhea in perennial rhinitis and common cold
Management of status asthmatics:
➢ O2
➢ Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100mg I.V stat followed by 100- 200mg 4-8th hourly
infusion
➢ Nebulized Salbutamol 2.5-5mg along with O2
➢ Salbutamol/ Terbutaline 0.4mg IM/S.C if needed
➢ Intubation and mechanical ventilation
Adverse effects:
1. Beta2 agonist:
• Tremors- most common
• Palpitation
• Restlessness
• Nervousness
• Throat irritation
• Ankle oedema- rarely
2. Anticholinergics
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Blurred vision
• Urinary retention
3. Methylxanthine
Theophylline have narrow therapeutic index. Adverse effects of theophylline highly
vary with its therapeutic concentration.
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