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Samenvatting Mens en Organisatie - Maes Johan
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Dit is een samenvatting van de hoorcolleges Mens & Organisatie gegeven door Maes Johan.
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Mens & OrganisatieProf Dhr. Maes Johan
Casper Dhulst
2022 – 2023
,Inhoudsopgave
1 Inleidende begrippen: organisatie, organisatieontwerp en strategie ............................................ 8
1.1 Wat is een organisatie ............................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Belang van organisaties ........................................................................................................... 9
1.3 Context van organisaties ......................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Fundamentele designprincipes ............................................................................................. 10
1.5 Organisatiedoel ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.6 Strategie ................................................................................................................................ 11
1.6.1 Het concept ................................................................................................................... 11
1.6.2 Strategietypologieën ..................................................................................................... 12
1.7 Strategie – Organisatie: voorbeeld........................................................................................ 13
1.8 Structure follows strategy? ................................................................................................... 14
1.9 Organisatieontwerp: dimensies ............................................................................................ 15
1.10 Optimaal organisatieontwerp ............................................................................................... 17
1.11 Case – Acme en Omega ......................................................................................................... 17
1.12 Twee extremen...................................................................................................................... 18
1.13 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................... 18
2 De mechanistische organisatieprincipes ....................................................................................... 19
2.1 Illustratie filmfragment “Modern Times” .............................................................................. 19
2.2 Oorsprong van mechanistische organisatie .......................................................................... 19
2.3 Taylor als grondlegger (scientific management) ................................................................... 19
2.4 Fayol als grondlegger – Klassieke managementtheorie ........................................................ 21
2.5 Mechanistische organisatie – Basismechanismen ................................................................ 21
2.6 Palmares van de mechanistische structuur – Voorbeeld Ford.............................................. 23
2.7 Evaluatie – Sterke punten ..................................................................................................... 23
2.8 Toepassing – Hudsucker Proxy .............................................................................................. 24
2.9 Mechanistische organisatiekeuze ......................................................................................... 25
2.10 Voordelen van de hiërarchie ................................................................................................. 26
2.11 De machine van de toekomst ................................................................................................ 26
2.12 Case – Acme en Omega ......................................................................................................... 26
3 De evolutie naar meer organische organisatieprincipes ............................................................... 27
3.1 Case – Acme en Omega ......................................................................................................... 27
3.2 Mechanistische organisatie onder druk ................................................................................ 27
3.2.1 Videofragment – Hawthorne Studies ............................................................................ 29
3.2.2 Elton Mayo (1880-1949) – Human relations ................................................................. 30
3.2.3 Chester Barnard (1886-1961) – “The functions of the executive” (1938) .................... 31
, 3.3 Gevolg – Bewegingen om hiërarchie in te perken (na WO II) ............................................... 32
3.4 Nieuwe trends of omstandigheden voor organisaties op vandaag ...................................... 32
3.4.1 Globalisering .................................................................................................................. 32
3.4.2 Hypercompetitie............................................................................................................ 33
3.4.3 Nieuwe technologieën .................................................................................................. 33
3.4.4 De kenniseconomie ....................................................................................................... 33
3.4.5 Sociale verantwoording (CSR) ....................................................................................... 33
3.5 Contingentietheorie .............................................................................................................. 34
3.5.1 Burns & Stalker (1961)................................................................................................... 34
3.5.2 Woodward (1965) ......................................................................................................... 35
3.5.3 Lawrence & Lorsch (1967) ............................................................................................. 37
3.6 Omgeving............................................................................................................................... 38
3.6.1 Opdeling van omgeving ................................................................................................. 38
3.6.2 De taakomgeving – Specifieke onderneming ................................................................ 39
3.6.3 Algemene omgeving ...................................................................................................... 39
3.6.4 Onzekerheid in de omgeving ......................................................................................... 40
3.6.5 Dimensies van de omgeving .......................................................................................... 40
3.6.6 Omgaan met omgevingsonzekerheid – Informatie oogpunt ........................................ 40
3.6.7 Omgaan met onzekerheid – Resources oogpunt .......................................................... 42
3.7 Evaluatie van contingentie denken ....................................................................................... 43
3.7.1 Sterke punten contingentie denken .............................................................................. 43
3.7.2 Zwakke punten contingentie denken ............................................................................ 43
4 Complexere context – Interorganisationele relaties ..................................................................... 44
4.1 Interorganisationele relaties – Voorbeelden ........................................................................ 44
4.2 Drijfveren van interorganisationele organisatie ................................................................... 45
4.3 Ondersteunende theorie – Overzicht.................................................................................... 45
4.4 Resource Dependence Theory .............................................................................................. 46
4.4.1 Algemeen....................................................................................................................... 46
4.4.2 Resource dependence ................................................................................................... 46
4.4.3 Interorganisationele strategieën voor symbiotische interdependenties...................... 47
4.4.4 Strategieën voor competitieve interdependenties ....................................................... 48
4.5 Strategische allianties............................................................................................................ 49
4.5.1 Algemeen....................................................................................................................... 49
4.5.2 Strategische allianties – Types....................................................................................... 49
4.5.3 Strategische allianties – Wettelijke vormen .................................................................. 50
4.5.4 Doelstellingen van strategische allianties ..................................................................... 50
, 4.5.5 Types van allianties – Voorbeelden ............................................................................... 51
4.6 Collaboratieve netwerken ..................................................................................................... 51
4.6.1 Algemeen....................................................................................................................... 51
4.6.2 Veranderende aard van interorganisationele relaties .................................................. 52
4.7 Institutionele theorie............................................................................................................. 52
4.7.1 Algemeen....................................................................................................................... 52
4.7.2 Institutioneel perspectief en organisatieontwerp ........................................................ 54
4.7.3 Institutionele gelijkaardigheid ....................................................................................... 54
4.7.4 Institutionele aanpassing .............................................................................................. 55
4.8 Transactiekosten ................................................................................................................... 55
4.9 Gevolgen – Wijzigend competitief landschaap ..................................................................... 57
5 Organisatiestructuren en – ontwerp ............................................................................................. 58
5.1 Introductie structuur en integratie ....................................................................................... 58
5.2 Organogram – Voorbeeld ...................................................................................................... 60
5.3 Informatie verwerkend perspectief op structuur – Integratie .............................................. 60
5.4 Nood aan integratie............................................................................................................... 61
5.5 Intermezzo – Samenvatting HS2 en HS3: Efficiëntie versus leren ........................................ 62
5.6 Configuraties van Henry Mintzberg ...................................................................................... 62
5.6.1 Mintzberg – 5 elementen/structuuronderdelen ........................................................... 62
5.6.2 Mintzberg – Coördinatiemechanismen ......................................................................... 63
5.6.3 Mintzberg – Organisatieconfiguraties ........................................................................... 64
5.7 Overzicht van structuren ....................................................................................................... 64
5.8 Functionele organisatiestructuur .......................................................................................... 65
5.8.1 Mintzberg – Machineorganisatie .................................................................................. 65
5.8.2 Functionele verdeling (F-grouping) ............................................................................... 66
5.8.3 Voorbeeld – McBride..................................................................................................... 66
5.8.4 Sterktes en zwaktes functionele organisatiestructuur.................................................. 67
5.8.5 Integratiemechanismen binnen functionele organisatiestructuur ............................... 67
5.9 Divisiestructuur ..................................................................................................................... 69
5.9.1 Mintzberg – Divisiestructuur ......................................................................................... 69
5.9.2 Integratie via divisiestructuur........................................................................................ 70
5.9.3 Besluit integratie via divisiestructuur ............................................................................ 70
5.10 Project- en matrixstructuur ................................................................................................... 71
5.10.1 Mintzberg – Adhocratie ................................................................................................. 71
5.10.2 Integratie via projectstructuur ...................................................................................... 72
5.10.3 Integratie via matrixstructuur – Multifocused grouping ............................................... 73
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