This is a document of all of the equations, constants, and other important number related information points. The equations are organised neatly in their corresponding topic headings and colour coded for the sections they are in. Each equation has its units next to it and an arrow beside the equati...
A Level Physics - Chapter 1 (Particles, Quantum Phenomena) Revision
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P1 - Matter and Radiation P2 - Quarks and Leptons
Particle Charge (C) Rel. Charge Mass (kg) Rel. Mass Particle/ Rel. Rest Energy Interaction
Antiparticle Charge (MeV)
-19 -27
Proton +1.6 x 10 1 1.673 x 10 1 Photon γ 0 0 None
Neutron 0 0 1.675 x 10 -27
1 Neutrino ν 0 0 Weak
Antineutrino ν̅
Electron -1.6 x 10-19 -1 9.11 x 10-31 0.0005 Electron e- -1 0.510999 Weak, electromagnetic
charge Positron e+ +1
Specific Charge = mass (C kg-1)
Muon µ- -1 105.659 Weak, electromagnetic
Electron Specific Charge = 1.76 x 1011 C kg-1
Antimuon µ+ +1
Proton Specific Charge = 9.58 x 107 C kg-1 Pions π±, π0 ±1, 0 139.576 (±), Strong, electromagnetic, weak
1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 (J) π+ for a π- ±1, 0 134.972 (0)
Atomic Mass Unit, u = 1.661 x 10-27 kg = 931.5 MeV π0 for a π0
Planck Constant, h = 6.63 x 10-34 (J s) Kaons K±, K ±1, 0 493.821 (±), Strong, electromagnetic, weak
8 -1 K+ for a K- ±1, 0 497.762 (0)
Speed of Light, c = 3.00 x 10 (m s )
K0 for a K0
Radio Microwave IR Visible UV X-rays Gamma Proton p +1 938.257 Strong, weak, electromagnetic
> 0.1 m 0.1 m - 1 mm - 700 nm - 400 nm - 10 nm - < 1 nm Antiproton p̅ -1
700 nm 400 nm 1 nm 0.001 nm Neutron n 0 939.551 Strong, weak
1 mm
Antineutron n̅
Wavelength, λ = c (m)
f
hc Property Quarks Antiquarks
Photon Energy, E = hf = (J)
λ
Power of Photon Beam of n Photons per Second, P = nhf (W) Flavour Up u Down d Strange s Up u̅ Down d̅ Strange s̅
Charge Q +2/3 -1/3 -1/3 -2/3 +1/3 +1/3
Strangeness S 0 0 -1 0 0 +1
P3 - Quantum Phenomena
Baryon No. B +1/3 +1/3 +1/3 -1/3 -1/3 -1/3
Energy of a Photoelectron, E = hf = EKmax + φ (J)
φ Lepton Lepton
Threshold Frequency, fmin = (Hz)
h Symbols Number
I -1
Photoelectrons from Cathode to Anode per Second, n = (s )
q Particles e-, νe : μ-, νμ +1
Energy Levels, E = hf = E1 - E2 (eV) + +
Antiparticles e , ν̅e̅ : μ , ν̅μ̅ -1
Hydrogen Energy Level = - 13.62 eV (eV)
n h
De Broglie Wavelength, λ = h = (m)
p mv
P5 - Optics
P4 - Waves Refractive Index of Substance s, n = c
c
s
sin i λ
Refractive Index of Substance s, n = =
Frequency, f = 1 sin r λs
T
1 Snell’s Law of Refraction, n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2
Time Period, T = (s) n2
f
Critical Angle, sinθc = n for n1 > n2
Wave Speed, c = fλ (m s-1) λD 1
2πd c Fringe Spacing, w = s (m)
Phase Difference = ()
λ λD
Slit Separation, s = (m)
Distance Between Adjacent Nodes = λ (m) w
2
T Double Slit Reinforcement Path Difference = mλ (m)
First Harmonic Frequency, f = 1 (Hz)
2l μ 1
Double Slit Cancellation Path Difference = (m + 2 )λ (m)
2Dλ
Width of Central Fringe, W = a (m)
Diffraction Grating of nth Order, nλ = dsinθ
P6 - Forces in Equilibrium 1
Slits Per Metre, N = (m-1)
d
Magnitude of Resultant of Two Perpendicular Forces, F = (F12 + F22) (N)
F
Angle Between Resultant and F1, tanθ = F2
1
Force Parallel to the Line = Fcosθ (N) P7 - On The Move
Force Perpendicular to the Line = Fsinθ (N) Δs
Speed, v = (m s-1)
Support Force From Object Resting on Horizontal Plane, S = W (N) Δt
2πr
Speed in a Circle, v = (m s-1)
Reaction/Support Force on Sloped Plane, R/S = Wcosθ (N) T
Δv v - u
Acceleration, a = = (m s-2)
For a System in Equilibrium, F1 + F2 + … + Fn = 0 Δt Δt
-1
Final Velocity, v = u + at (m s ) v2 = u2 + 2as (m2 s-2)
Moment of a Force, M = Fd (N s) (v + u)t 2
Displacement, s = = ut + at (m)
For Moments in Equilibrium, F1d1 = F2d2, M1 = M2 (N s) 2 2 2
Displacement, s = vt - at (m)
For Moments Involving Centre of Mass of Beam, W0d0 = W1d1 (N s) 2
Horizontal Component of Projectile Displacement, x = utcosθ (m)
Support Force at Pivot, S = F0 + F1 + F2 (N) gt2
Vertical Component of Projectile Displacement, y = utsinθ - (m)
2
Horizontal Component of Projectile Velocity, vx = ucosθ (m s-1)
Vertical Component of Projectile Velocity, vy = usinθ - gt (m s-1)
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