- Purpurea pétéchial
- Purpurea ecchymotique diffus
- Hémorragie des muqueuses : épistaxis, bulles hémorragiques dans la bouche
- Hémorragie viscérale
- Hémorragies cérébro-méningées et rétiennes (fond d'œil)
→ Entre 50 et 150 G/L, sans thrombopathie associée
= thrombopénie modérée (Ø sd hémorragique).
→ Entre 50 et 150 G/L, avec thrombopathie associée ou < 50 G/L
DIAGNOSTIC BIOLOGIQUE : PLAQUETTES < 150 G/L = thrombopénie sévère (sd hémorragique).
1. Frottis sanguin observé au microscope → agglutination des plaquettes ? ; prélèvement citrate de Na de contrôle.
2. Anomalie isolée ?
3. Rechercher présence de schizocytes pouvant témoigner d'une CIVD ou d'une hémolyse mécanique.
4. Thrombopénie associée à des anomalies de la coagulation (CIVD), héparinothérapie, cirrhose (hypersplénisme) ?
5. Rechercher splénomégalie, syndrome infectieux clinique et penser au paludisme.
6. Myélogramme : origine centrale ou périphérique.
7. Causes médicamenteuses, infection virale, maladies auto-immunes (LED, SAPL…)
8. Aucune étiologie retrouvée → purpura thrombopénique idiopathique.
Stimulants de la thrombopoïèse :
o Romiplostim
o Elthrombopag
1
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