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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 3 Anatomie en fysiologie
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Samenvatting van hoofdstuk 3 De celstructuur en -functie waarin de leerdoelen worden behandeld en uitgelegd.
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Van;Frederic H.Martini & Edwin F. Bartholomew 6e editi
ANATOMIE EN
FYSIOLOGIE
Hoofdstuk 3: De celstructuur en-functie
Inhoud
,Anatomie en fysiologie hoofdstuk 3: de celstructuur en functie......................................................................2
De vier basale concepten/elementaire begrippen van de cel theorie?................................................................3
3.1 Het bestuderen van cellen vormt de basis voor inzicht in de fysiologie van de mens.................................3
3.1.1 Het bestuderen van de cel...........................................................................................................................3
3.2: De plasmamembraan scheidt de cel van zijn uitwendige milieu en vervult verschillende functies.............3
Wat is een plasmamembraan/celmembraan?....................................................................................................3
Wat zijn de functies van de plasmamembraan?..................................................................................................3
Welke 3 elementen bevat het dunne plasmamembraan:....................................................................................3
3.2.1 Membraanlipiden (vet)...............................................................................................................................4
3.2.2 Membraaneiwitten......................................................................................................................................4
3.2.3 Membraankoolhydraten.............................................................................................................................5
3.3 Diffusie en filtratie zijn passieve transportmechanismen die bijdragen aan het membraantransport.........5
3.3.1 Diffusie.........................................................................................................................................................6
Wat is een concentratieverschil:.....................................................................................................................6
Doel van diffusie:.............................................................................................................................................6
Voorbeeld van diffusie: kooldioxide................................................................................................................6
Diffusie door plasmamembranen....................................................................................................................6
De belangrijkste factoren die bepalen of een stof door een plasmamembraan kan diffunderen:................7
Welke stoffen kunnen wel direct dor vetgedeelte van membraan en welke niet?........................................7
Osmose............................................................................................................................................................7
Osmose en osmotische druk...........................................................................................................................8
Noem 3 osmotische oplossingen:....................................................................................................................8
Voorbeeld osmose bij gebruik NaCl 0.9%........................................................................................................8
3.3.2 Filtratie........................................................................................................................................................8
2 soorten membraantransport:.......................................................................................................................9
3.4 Door dragerstoffen gemedieerd transport.....................................................................................................9
Gefacilieerde diffusie.......................................................................................................................................9
Verschil tussen de normale en gefaciliteerde diffusie:.................................................................................10
Wat gebeurt er bij actief transport...............................................................................................................10
3.4.2 Vesiculair transport...................................................................................................................................11
Wat gebeurt er bij vesiculair transport:........................................................................................................11
Welke twee groepen transport vallen onder vesiculair transport:...............................................................11
Endocytose.....................................................................................................................................................11
Welke 3 typen Endocytose zijn er?................................................................................................................12
Receptor gemedieerde Endocytose..............................................................................................................12
Pinocytose......................................................................................................................................................12
Fagocytose.....................................................................................................................................................12
Exocytose.......................................................................................................................................................13
3.5 Organellen in het cytoplasma vervullen specifieke functies........................................................................13
3.5.1 Het cytosol............................................................................................................................................13
3.5.2 De organellen........................................................................................................................................14
Deze onderdelen staan direct in contact met het cytosol............................................................................14
3.6 De celkern bevat een DNA en enzymen die noodzakelijk zijn om processen in de cel aan te sturen..........18
3.6.1 Structuur en inhoud van de celkern.....................................................................................................19
3.6.2 Informatieopslag in de celkern.............................................................................................................19
3.7 DNA stuurt de eiwitsynthese en de celstructuur -functie.............................................................................20
3.7.1 Transscriptie.........................................................................................................................................20
, 3.7.2 Translatie..............................................................................................................................................20
3.8 De levenscyclus van de cel bestaat uit de interfase, mitose en de cytokinese.............................................22
3.8.1 Interfase................................................................................................................................................22
3.8.2 Mitose...................................................................................................................................................22
3.8.3 Cytokinese.............................................................................................................................................23
3.9 De relatie tussen celdeling en kanker...........................................................................................................24
3.10 Differentiatie en het belang ervan.............................................................................................................24
Anatomie en fysiologie hoofdstuk 3: de celstructuur en
functie
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