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Bone tissue
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Lecture notes of 2 pages for the course 2º Curso Histología at UAX (Bone tissue)
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Bone tissueBone tissue, also known as osseous tissue, is a specialized type of connective tissue that forms
the structural framework of the human body. It is made up of cells called osteocytes, which are
embedded in a matrix of collagen and mineralized calcium and phosphorus. This matrix gives
bone its strength and rigidity, while also allowing for some flexibility and resilience.
There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone is dense
and hard, making up the outer layer of bones. Spongy bone, on the other hand, is porous and
lighter, making up the inner layer of bones. Both types of bone tissue have unique
characteristics and functions.
The cells that make up bone tissue are osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Osteocytes are
mature bone cells that are responsible for maintaining the bone tissue. They are connected to
each other by small channels called canaliculi, which allow them to exchange nutrients and
waste products. Osteoblasts are immature bone cells that produce the matrix of collagen and
other proteins that make up bone tissue. They also help mineralize the matrix by depositing
calcium and phosphorus. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, are large cells that break down and
resorb bone tissue. They are important for bone remodeling and repair.
The matrix of bone tissue is composed of collagen fibers and mineralized calcium and
phosphorus. The collagen fibers provide flexibility and resilience, while the mineralized calcium
and phosphorus give bone its hardness and strength. The mineralization process occurs when
calcium and phosphorus ions are deposited onto the collagen fibers, forming hydroxyapatite
crystals. These crystals give bone its characteristic hardness and strength.
Bone tissue is highly vascularized, meaning that it has a rich blood supply. Blood vessels enter
the bone through small channels called Volkmann's canals, which connect to larger channels
called Haversian canals. These canals supply nutrients and oxygen to the osteocytes and other
cells in the bone tissue, as well as remove waste products.
Bone tissue is also innervated, meaning that it has nerve fibers that control various functions.
These nerves regulate the growth and remodeling of bone tissue, as well as the sensation of
pain and pressure.
Bone tissue has several functions in the human body. Its main function is to provide support
and protection for organs and tissues. It also serves as a site for muscle attachment, allowing
for movement and locomotion. Bone tissue is also important for the storage of minerals, such
as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various physiological processes in the body.
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